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Standardization and Prevalence of the Booster Phenomenon: Evaluation Using a Two-Step Skin Test with 43 kDa Glycoprotein in Individuals from an Endemic Region of Paracoccidioidomycosis
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Standardization and Prevalence of the Booster Phenomenon: Evaluation Using a Two-Step Skin Test with 43 kDa Glycoprotein in Individuals from an Endemic Region of Paracoccidioidomycosis
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Journal Article
Standardization and Prevalence of the Booster Phenomenon: Evaluation Using a Two-Step Skin Test with 43 kDa Glycoprotein in Individuals from an Endemic Region of Paracoccidioidomycosis
2017
Overview
Background
We estimated the occurrence rate of the booster phenomenon by using an intradermal test with 43 kDa glycoprotein in an endemic area of paracoccidioidomycosis in the central-west region of Brazil.
Methods
Individuals who had a negative result on a survey performed by using an intradermal test with 43 kDa glycoprotein in an endemic area of paracoccidioidomycosis underwent a second intradermal test after 10–15 days to determine the presence or absence of the booster phenomenon. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square test, Chi-square for linear trend test, Student’s
t
test, and binomial test;
p
< 0.05 was considered significant.
Results
For the first time, we reported the occurrence of the booster phenomenon to an intradermal reaction caused by 43 kDa glycoprotein at a rate of 5.8–8.4%, depending on the test’s cutoff point. This suggests that a cutoff point should be considered for the booster phenomenon in intradermal tests with 43 kDa glycoprotein: a difference of 6–7 mm between readings according to the first and second tests, depending on the purpose of the evaluation.
Conclusion
The results indicate that the prevalence of paracoccidioidal infection in endemic areas is underestimated, as the booster phenomenon has not been considered in epidemiological surveys for this infection.
Publisher
Springer Netherlands,Springer,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
/ Aged
/ Analysis
/ Antigens, Fungal - immunology
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Brazil
/ Female
/ Fungal Proteins - immunology
/ Humans
/ Immunization, Secondary - methods
/ Immunization, Secondary - standards
/ Male
/ Paracoccidioidomycosis - diagnosis
/ Paracoccidioidomycosis - epidemiology
/ Skin
/ South American blastomycosis
/ Surveys
