Journal Article

Cervical lymph node metastasis prediction from papillary thyroid carcinoma US videos: a prospective multicenter study

Zhang, Ming-Bo, Jiang, Xue, Meng, Zhe-Ling, Xu, Ning, Mao, Yi, Tian, Jie, Wang, Kun, Xu, Qing-Hua, Luo, Yu-Kun

2024

Overview

Background Prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is critical for individualized management of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients to avoid unnecessary overtreatment as well as undesired under-treatment. Artificial intelligence (AI) trained by thyroid ultrasound (US) may improve prediction performance. Methods From September 2017 to December 2018, patients with suspicious PTC from the first medical center of the Chinese PLA general hospital were retrospectively enrolled to pre-train the multi-scale, multi-frame, and dual-direction deep learning (MMD-DL) model. From January 2019 to July 2021, PTC patients from four different centers were prospectively enrolled to fine-tune and independently validate MMD-DL. Its diagnostic performance and auxiliary effect on radiologists were analyzed in terms of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, areas under the ROC curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Results In total, 488 PTC patients were enrolled in the pre-training cohort, and 218 PTC patients were included for model fine-tuning ( n  = 109), internal test ( n  = 39), and external validation ( n  = 70). Diagnostic performances of MMD-DL achieved AUCs of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.97) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.89) in the test and validation cohorts, respectively, and US radiologists significantly improved their average diagnostic accuracy (57% vs. 60%, P  = 0.001) and sensitivity (62% vs. 65%, P  < 0.001) by using the AI model for assistance. Conclusions The AI model using US videos can provide accurate and reproducible prediction of cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients preoperatively, and it can be used as an effective assisting tool to improve diagnostic performance of US radiologists. Trial registration We registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry website with the number ChiCTR1900025592.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Artificial Intelligence / Biomedicine / Biopsy / Care and treatment / Clinical trials / Committees / Deep learning / Development and progression / Diagnosis / Dissection / Health aspects / Health care facilities / Hospitals / Humans / Lymph nodes / Lymphatic metastasis / Lymphatic Metastasis - diagnostic imaging / Lymphatic system / Machine learning / Medical prognosis / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Metastases / Metastasis / Papillary / Papillary thyroid carcinoma / Pathology / Patients / Predictions / Prospective Studies / Radiomics / Research Article / Retrospective Studies / Sensitivity / Thyroid / Thyroid cancer / Thyroid Cancer, Papillary - diagnostic imaging / Thyroid Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging / Thyroidectomy / Tumors / Ultrasonography / Video