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A combination of chitooligosaccharide and lipochitooligosaccharide recognition promotes arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in Medicago truncatula
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A combination of chitooligosaccharide and lipochitooligosaccharide recognition promotes arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in Medicago truncatula
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A combination of chitooligosaccharide and lipochitooligosaccharide recognition promotes arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in Medicago truncatula
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Journal Article
A combination of chitooligosaccharide and lipochitooligosaccharide recognition promotes arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in Medicago truncatula
2019
Overview
Plants associate with beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi facilitating nutrient acquisition. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi produce chitooligosaccharides (COs) and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs), that promote symbiosis signalling with resultant oscillations in nuclear-associated calcium. The activation of symbiosis signalling must be balanced with activation of immunity signalling, which in fungal interactions is promoted by COs resulting from the chitinaceous fungal cell wall. Here we demonstrate that COs ranging from CO4-CO8 can induce symbiosis signalling in
Medicago truncatula
. CO perception is a function of the receptor-like kinases
Mt
CERK1 and LYR4, that activate both immunity and symbiosis signalling. A combination of LCOs and COs act synergistically to enhance symbiosis signalling and suppress immunity signalling and receptors involved in both CO and LCO perception are necessary for mycorrhizal establishment. We conclude that LCOs, when present in a mix with COs, drive a symbiotic outcome and this mix of signals is essential for arbuscular mycorrhizal establishment.
Polysaccharide molecules chitooligosaccharides (COs) and peptidoglycan not only activate plant immunity but also trigger plant symbiosis signalling. Here the authors show that a combination of COs and lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs) act synergistically to suppress immunity and promote symbiosis to facilitate beneficial fungal associations.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 13/95
/ 38/91
/ 96
/ 96/63
/ Alfalfa
/ Botanics
/ Chitin - analogs & derivatives
/ Chitosan
/ Fungi
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - drug effects
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Immunity
/ Kinases
/ Lipopolysaccharides - metabolism
/ Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology
/ Medicago truncatula - drug effects
/ Medicago truncatula - genetics
/ Medicago truncatula - immunology
/ Medicago truncatula - microbiology
/ Oligosaccharides - metabolism
/ Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism
/ Science
