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The ins and outs of hepatitis C virus entry and assembly
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Journal Article
The ins and outs of hepatitis C virus entry and assembly
2013
Overview
Key Points
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an enveloped, positive-strand RNA virus. Unlike other enveloped RNA viruses, HCV particles interact with serum lipoproteins, which are important for the infectivity of HCV particles.
New structural information is available for E2 glycoprotein of the related pestiviruses. Common features of HCV and pestiviruses suggest that these viruses use an uncharacterized mechanism of viral fusion.
HCV particles enter cells via a multistep process involving numerous cell surface proteins, cellular processing of virus-associated lipoproteins, signal transduction events, clathrin-mediated internalization of the virus, and low-pH-induced membrane fusion.
HCV particle assembly occurs via budding into the ER. This process requires recently defined interactions between the viral structural and non-structural proteins.
Nascent HCV particles exit the cell via transit through the secretory pathway. During this process, HCV undergoes maturational events similar to those of serum lipoproteins.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive-strand RNA virus that causes significant pathology in humans. Here, Lindenbach and Rice discuss recent insights into the unique properties of HCV particles and then review HCV entry and assembly, with a focus on the viral and host factors involved.
Hepatitis C virus, a major human pathogen, produces infectious virus particles with several unique features, such as an ability to interact with serum lipoproteins, a dizzyingly complicated process of virus entry, and a pathway of virus assembly and release that is closely linked to lipoprotein secretion. Here, we review these unique features, with an emphasis on recent discoveries concerning virus particle structure, virus entry and virus particle assembly and release.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
