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Chromosome-wide regulation of euchromatin-specific 5mC to 5hmC conversion in mouse ES cells and female human somatic cells
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Chromosome-wide regulation of euchromatin-specific 5mC to 5hmC conversion in mouse ES cells and female human somatic cells
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Journal Article
Chromosome-wide regulation of euchromatin-specific 5mC to 5hmC conversion in mouse ES cells and female human somatic cells
2012
Overview
DNA cytosine methylation (5mC) is indispensable for a number of cellular processes, including retrotransposon silencing, genomic imprinting, and X chromosome inactivation in mammalian development. Recent studies have focused on 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a new epigenetic mark or intermediate in the DNA demethylation pathway. However, 5hmC itself has no role in pluripotency maintenance in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) lacking
Dnmt1
,
3a
, and
3b
. Here, we demonstrated that 5hmC accumulated on euchromatic chromosomal bands that were marked with di- and tri-methylated histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me2/3) in mouse ESCs. By contrast, heterochromatin enriched with H3K9me3, including mouse chromosomal G-bands, pericentric repeats, human satellite 2 and 3, and inactive X chromosomes, was not enriched with 5hmC. Therefore, enzymes that hydroxylate the methyl group of 5mC belonging to the Tet family might be excluded from inactive chromatin, which may restrict 5mC to 5hmC conversion in euchromatin to prevent nonselective de novo DNA methylation.
Publisher
Springer Netherlands,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
5-Methylcytosine - analogs & derivatives
/ Animal Genetics and Genomics
/ Animals
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Bromodeoxyuridine - metabolism
/ Chromosomes, Human, X - genetics
/ cytology
/ Cytosine
/ Cytosine - analogs & derivatives
/ DNA
/ DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1
/ DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases
/ DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases - genetics
/ DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases - metabolism
/ Embryonic Stem Cells - cytology
/ enzymes
/ Female
/ genetics
/ Heterochromatin - metabolism
/ histones
/ Humans
/ In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
/ Male
/ Mice
