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The genome of the diatom Chaetoceros tenuissimus carries an ancient integrated fragment of an extant virus
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The genome of the diatom Chaetoceros tenuissimus carries an ancient integrated fragment of an extant virus
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Journal Article
The genome of the diatom Chaetoceros tenuissimus carries an ancient integrated fragment of an extant virus
2021
Overview
Diatoms are one of the most prominent oceanic primary producers and are now recognized to be distributed throughout the world. They maintain their population despite predators, infections, and unfavourable environmental conditions. One of the smallest diatoms,
Chaetoceros tenuissimus
, can coexist with infectious viruses during blooms. To further understand this relationship, we sequenced the
C. tenuissimus
strain NIES-3715 genome. A gene fragment of a replication-associated gene from the infectious ssDNA virus (designated endogenous virus-like fragment, EVLF) was found to be integrated into each 41 Mb of haploid assembly. In addition, the EVLF was transcriptionally active and conserved in nine other
C. tenuissimus
strains from different geographical areas, although the primary structures of their proteins varied. The phylogenetic tree further suggested that the EVLF was acquired by the ancestor of
C. tenuissimus
. Additionally, retrotransposon genes possessing a reverse transcriptase function were more abundant in
C. tenuissimus
than in
Thalassiosira pseudonana
and
Phaeodactylum tricornutum
. Moreover, a target site duplication, a hallmark for long interspersed nuclear element retrotransposons, flanked the EVLF. Therefore, the EVLF was likely integrated by a retrotransposon during viral infection. The present study provides further insights into the diatom-virus evolutionary relationship.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
