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Heme oxygenase-1 affords protection against noncerebral forms of severe malaria
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Heme oxygenase-1 affords protection against noncerebral forms of severe malaria
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Journal Article
Heme oxygenase-1 affords protection against noncerebral forms of severe malaria
2009
Overview
Infection by Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, is associated with hemolysis and therefore with release of hemoglobin from RBC. Under inflammatory conditions, cell-free hemoglobin can be oxidized, releasing its heme prosthetic groups and producing deleterious free heme. Here we demonstrate that survival of a Plasmodium-infected host relies strictly on its ability to prevent the cytotoxic effects of free heme via the expression of the heme-catabolyzing enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1; encoded by the Hmox1 gene). When infected with Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (Pcc), wild-type (Hmox1⁺/⁺) BALB/c mice resolved infection and restored homeostasis thereafter (0% lethality). In contrast, HO-1 deficient (Hmox1⁻/⁻) BALB/c mice developed a lethal form of hepatic failure (100% lethality), similar to the one occurring in Pcc-infected DBA/2 mice (75% lethality). Expression of HO-1 suppresses the pro-oxidant effects of free heme, preventing it from sensitizing hepatocytes to undergo TNF-mediated programmed cell death by apoptosis. This cytoprotective effect, which inhibits the development of hepatic failure in Pcc-infected mice without interfering with pathogen burden, is mimicked by pharmacological antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC). When administered therapeutically, i.e., after Pcc infection, NAC suppressed the development of hepatic failure in Pcc-infected DBA/2 mice (0% lethality), without interfering with pathogen burden. In conclusion, we describe a mechanism of host defense against Plasmodium infection, based on tissue cytoprotection against free heme and limiting disease severity irrespectively of parasite burden.
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences,National Acad Sciences
Subject
/ Acetylcysteine - pharmacology
/ Animals
/ Enzymes
/ genes
/ heme
/ heme oxygenase (biliverdin-producing)
/ Heme Oxygenase-1 - deficiency
/ Heme Oxygenase-1 - metabolism
/ Liver
/ Liver Failure - prevention & control
/ Malaria
/ Malaria - prevention & control
/ Mice
/ Oxygen
/ Plasmodium chabaudi - pathogenicity
/ Plasmodium chabaudi - physiology
/ Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi
/ Rodents
/ Tissues
