Journal Article

Peroxidase/Dual Oxidase System Modulates Midgut Epithelial Immunity in Anopheles gambiae

Barillas-Mury, Carolina, Rodrigues, Janneth, Kumar, Sanjeev, Gupta, Lalita, Molina-Cruz, Alvaro

2010

Overview

Extracellular matrices in diverse biological systems are cross-linked by dityrosine covalent bonds catalyzed by the peroxidase/oxidase system. We show that a peroxidase, secreted by the Anopheles gambiae midgut, and dual oxidase form a dityrosine network that decreases gut permeability to immune elicitors. This network protects the microbiota by preventing activation of epithelial immunity. It also provides a suitable environment for malaria parasites to develop within the midgut lumen without inducing nitric oxide synthase expression. Disruption of this barrier results in strong and effective pathogen-specific immune responses.

• Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science,The American Association for the Advancement of Science
• Subject: Activation / Animals / Anopheles - enzymology / Anopheles - immunology / Anopheles - microbiology / Anopheles - parasitology / Anopheles gambiae / Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology / Bacteria / Bacteria - immunology / Bacterial Physiological Phenomena / Biochemistry / Biochemistry. Physiology. Immunology / Biological and medical sciences / Blood / Cellular biology / Covalent bonds / crosslinking / Digestive system / Digestive System - enzymology / Digestive System - immunology / Digestive System - microbiology / Digestive System - parasitology / elicitors / Enzyme Induction / Epithelial cells / Epithelial Cells - immunology / Epithelial Cells - microbiology / Epithelial Cells - parasitology / epithelium / Extracellular Matrix - metabolism / Female / Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology / Gene Expression Regulation / immune response / Immune system / Immunity / Infections / Insect Proteins - metabolism / Insecta / Invertebrates / Malaria / Matrices / Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control / Messenger RNA / Microorganisms / Midgut / Models, Biological / Mosquitoes / Mosquitos / NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming) / NADPH Oxidases - genetics / NADPH Oxidases - metabolism / Networks / Nitric oxide / nitric oxide synthase / Nitric Oxide Synthase - biosynthesis / Oxidase / Oxidases / Parasites / Permeability / Peroxidase / Peroxidase - genetics / Peroxidase - metabolism / Physiology. Development / Plasmodium berghei - immunology / Plasmodium berghei - physiology / Plasmodium falciparum - immunology / Plasmodium falciparum - physiology / RNA Interference / Tyrosine - analogs & derivatives / Tyrosine - metabolism / Vector-borne diseases / Vectors. Intermediate hosts