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Genome-wide identification, evolutionary diversification and developmental expression of the Sox gene family in three brachyuran crabs
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Genome-wide identification, evolutionary diversification and developmental expression of the Sox gene family in three brachyuran crabs
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Journal Article
Genome-wide identification, evolutionary diversification and developmental expression of the Sox gene family in three brachyuran crabs
2026
Overview
Background
The Sox (SRY-related HMG-box) transcription factor family plays central roles in cell fate determination, neurogenesis, and reproductive development, yet its evolutionary history and molecular diversification in crustaceans remain poorly understood. Here we present a genome-wide comparative study of
Sox
genes in three representative crabs—
Portunus trituberculatus
,
Scylla paramamosain
, and
Eriocheir sinensis
—based on their high-quality reference genomes.
Results
We identified 16, 16, and 15
Sox
genes, respectively, and established a robust HMG-box–based phylogeny and nomenclature, assigning all members to the canonical B–F subgroups and an ungrouped Sox-like clade. Comparative analyses uncovered striking lineage-specific events, including the complete loss of
SoxB1
in
E. sinensis
and an expansion of the
SoxC
subgroup, accompanied by a mosaic of deeply conserved and newly derived motifs and domains. Integrative transcriptomic analyses revealed that many
Sox
genes are strongly expressed in neural tissues and testes, and that certain
SoxB
and
SoxC
members exhibit stage-specific activation during embryonic, larval, or testicular development, highlighting key roles in neurogenesis, pluripotency maintenance, and spermatogenesis.
Conclusions
Together, these findings provide the first comprehensive evolutionary framework for the crab Sox family, uncover unexpected gene loss and subgroup expansion, and offer new insights into how conserved transcriptional regulators diversify to shape neural and reproductive programs in arthropods.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
Subject
/ Animal Genetics and Genomics
/ Animals
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Brachyura - growth & development
/ Crabs
/ Decapoda
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
/ Genes
/ Genome
/ Genomes
/ Genomics
/ Insects
/ Microbial Genetics and Genomics
/ Proteins
/ SOX Transcription Factors - chemistry
/ SOX Transcription Factors - genetics
