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The Ste12-like transcription factor MaSte12 is involved in pathogenicity by regulating the appressorium formation in the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium acridum
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The Ste12-like transcription factor MaSte12 is involved in pathogenicity by regulating the appressorium formation in the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium acridum
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Journal Article
The Ste12-like transcription factor MaSte12 is involved in pathogenicity by regulating the appressorium formation in the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium acridum
2017
Overview
Homeodomain transcription factor
Ste12
is a key target activated by the pathogenic mitogen-activated-protein kinase pathway, and the activated Ste12p protein regulates downstream gene expression levels to modulate phenotypes. However, the functions of
Ste12
-like genes in entomopathogenic fungi remain poorly understood and little is known about the downstream genes regulated by Ste12. In this study, we characterized the functions of a Ste12 orthologue in
Metarhizium acridum
, MaSte12, and identified its downstream target genes. The deletion mutant (Δ
MaSte12
) is defective in conidial germination but not in hyphal growth, conidiation, or stress tolerance. Bioassays showed that Δ
MaSte12
had a dramatically decreased virulence in topical inoculations, but no significant difference was found in intrahemolymph injections when the penetration process was bypassed. The mature appressorium formation rate of Δ
MaSte12
was less than 10% on locust wings, with the majority hyphae forming appressorium-like, curved but no swollen structures. Digital gene expression profiling revealed that some genes involved in cell wall synthesis and remodeling, appressorium development, and insect cuticle penetration were downregulated in Δ
MaSte12
. Thus,
MaSte12
has critical roles in the pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic fungus
M
.
acridum
, and our study provides some explanations for the impairment of fungal virulence in Δ
MaSte12
. In addition, virulence is very important for fungal biocontrol agents to control insect pests effectively. This study demonstrated that
MaSte12
is involved in fungal virulence but not conidial yield or fungal stress tolerance in
M
.
acridum
. Thus,
MaSte12
and its downstream genes may be candidates for enhancing fungal virulence to improve mycoinsecticides.
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
/ Applied Microbial and Cell Physiology
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ conidia
/ Fungal Proteins - metabolism
/ Fungi
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
/ Genes
/ Homeobox
/ Hyphae
/ Hyphae - growth & development
/ Insects
/ Kinases
/ Metarhizium - growth & development
/ Microbial Genetics and Genomics
/ mutants
/ Pests
/ Proteins
/ Reagents
/ Spores, Fungal - growth & development
/ Transcription Factors - metabolism
/ Virulence Factors - genetics
/ Virulence Factors - metabolism
/ Wings
