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Vibrio harveyi: a serious pathogen of fish and invertebrates in mariculture
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Vibrio harveyi: a serious pathogen of fish and invertebrates in mariculture
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Journal Article
Vibrio harveyi: a serious pathogen of fish and invertebrates in mariculture
2020
Overview
Vibrio harveyi
, which belongs to family
Vibrionaceae
of class
Gammaproteobacteria
, includes the species
V. carchariae
and
V. trachuri
as its junior synonyms. The organism is a well-recognized and serious bacterial pathogen of marine fish and invertebrates, including penaeid shrimp, in aquaculture. Diseased fish may exhibit a range of lesions, including eye lesions/blindness, gastro-enteritis, muscle necrosis, skin ulcers, and tail rot disease. In shrimp,
V. harveyi
is regarded as the etiological agent of luminous vibriosis in which affected animals glow in the dark. There is a second condition of shrimp known as
Bolitas negricans
where the digestive tract is filled with spheres of sloughed-off tissue. It is recognized that the pathogenicity mechanisms of
V. harveyi
may be different in fish and penaeid shrimp. In shrimp, the pathogenicity mechanisms involved the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide, and extracellular proteases, and interaction with bacteriophages. In fish, the pathogenicity mechanisms involved extracellular hemolysin (encoded by duplicate hemolysin genes), which was identified as a phospholipase B and could inactivate fish cells by apoptosis, via the caspase activation pathway.
V. harveyi
may enter the so-called viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, and resuscitation of the VBNC cells may be an important reason for vibriosis outbreaks in aquaculture. Disease control measures center on dietary supplements (including probiotics), nonspecific immunostimulants, and vaccines and to a lesser extent antibiotics and other antimicrobial compounds.
