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SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 Variant Infection of Human Colon Epithelial Cells
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SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 Variant Infection of Human Colon Epithelial Cells
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Journal Article
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 Variant Infection of Human Colon Epithelial Cells
2024
Overview
The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, characterized by multiple subvariants including BA.1, XBB.1.5, EG.5, and JN.1, became the predominant strain in early 2022. Studies indicate that Omicron replicates less efficiently in lung tissue compared to the ancestral strain. However, the infectivity of Omicron in the gastrointestinal tract is not fully defined, despite the fact that 70% of COVID-19 patients experience digestive disease symptoms. Here, using primary human colonoids, we found that, regardless of individual variability, Omicron infects colon cells similarly or less effectively than the ancestral strain or the Delta variant. The variant induced limited type III interferon expression and showed no significant impact on epithelial integrity. Further experiments revealed inefficient cell-to-cell spread and spike protein cleavage in the Omicron spike protein, possibly contributing to its lower infectious particle levels. The findings highlight the variant-specific replication differences in human colonoids, providing insights into the enteric tropism of Omicron and its relevance to long COVID symptoms.
Publisher
MDPI AG,MDPI
Subject
/ Biological response modifiers
/ Biopsy
/ Colon
/ COVID-19
/ Feces
/ Humans
/ lungs
/ Mutation
/ Plasmids
/ Proteins
/ Scientific equipment and supplies industry
/ Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
/ Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - genetics
/ Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - metabolism
/ Tropism
