Journal Article

Risk factors associated with loss to follow-up from tuberculosis treatment in Tajikistan: a case-control study

Makhmudova, Mavluda, Verver, Suzanne, Mergenthaler, Christina, Wohlleben, Jessica, Azamova, Shahnoza, Saidova, Firuza

2017

Overview

Background There are very few studies on reasons for loss to follow-up from TB treatment in Central Asia. This study assessed risk factors for LTFU and compared their occurrence with successfully treated (ST) patients in Tajikistan. Methods This study took place in all TB facilities in the 19 districts with at least 5 TB patients registered as loss to follow-up (LTFU) from treatment. With a matched case control design we included all LTFU patients registered in the selected districts in 2011 and 2012 as cases, with ST patients from the same districts being controls. Data were copied from patient records and registers. Conditional logistic regressions were run to analyse associations between collected variables and LTFU as dependent variable. Results Three hundred cases were compared to 592 controls. Half of the cases had migrated or moved. In multivariate analysis, risk factors associated with increased LTFU were migration to another country (OR 10.6, 95% CI 6.12–18.4), moving within country (OR 11.0, 95% CI 3.50–34.9), having side effects of treatment (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.68–8.00) and being previously treated for TB (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.05–3.93). Medical staff also mentioned patient refusal, stigma and family problems as risk factors. Conclusions LTFU of TB patients in Tajikistan is largely a result of migration, and to a lesser extent associated with side-effects and previous treatment. There is a need to strengthen referral between health facilities within Tajikistan and with neighbouring countries and support patients with side effects and/or previous TB to prevent loss to follow-up from treatment.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Alcoholism / Analysis / Antitubercular Agents - adverse effects / Antitubercular Agents - therapeutic use / Care and treatment / Case-Control Studies / Case-control study / Child / Child, Preschool / Clinical outcomes / Data collection / Default / Dependent variables / Diagnosis / Female / Follow-Up Studies / Health care facilities / Health Facilities / Humans / Infant / Infant, Newborn / Infectious Diseases / Internal Medicine / Logistic Models / Male / Medical Microbiology / Medical personnel / Medical records / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Middle Aged / Migration / Multivariate analysis / Parasitology / Patients / Registers / Regression analysis / Research Article / Risk analysis / Risk assessment / Risk Factors / Side effects / Studies / Substance abuse treatment / Tajikistan - epidemiology / Transients and Migrants / Tropical Medicine / Tuberculosis / Tuberculosis - drug therapy / Tuberculosis - epidemiology / Tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases / Young Adult