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Health Catch-UP!: a realist evaluation of an innovative multi-disease screening and vaccination tool in UK primary care for at-risk migrant patients
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Health Catch-UP!: a realist evaluation of an innovative multi-disease screening and vaccination tool in UK primary care for at-risk migrant patients
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Journal Article
Health Catch-UP!: a realist evaluation of an innovative multi-disease screening and vaccination tool in UK primary care for at-risk migrant patients
2024
Overview
Background
Migrants to the UK face disproportionate risk of infections, non-communicable diseases, and under-immunisation compounded by healthcare access barriers. Current UK migrant screening strategies are unstandardised with poor implementation and low uptake. Health Catch-UP! is a collaboratively produced digital clinical decision support system that applies current guidelines (UKHSA and NICE) to provide primary care professionals with individualised multi-disease screening (7 infectious diseases/blood-borne viruses, 3 chronic parasitic infections, 3 non-communicable disease or risk factors) and catch-up vaccination prompts for migrant patients.
Methods
We carried out a mixed-methods process evaluation of Health Catch-UP! in two urban primary healthcare practices to integrate Health Catch-UP! into the electronic health record system of primary care, using the Medical Research Council framework for complex intervention evaluation. We collected quantitative data (demographics, patients screened, disease detection and catch-up vaccination rates) and qualitative participant interviews to explore acceptability and feasibility.
Results
Ninety-nine migrants were assessed by Health Catch-UP! across two sites (S1, S2). 96.0% (
n
= 97) had complete demographics coding with Asia 31.3% (
n
= 31) and Africa 25.2% (
n
= 25), the most common continents of birth (S1
n
= 92 [48.9% female (
n
= 44); mean age 60.6 years (SD 14.26)]; and S2
n
= 7 [85.7% male (
n
= 6); mean age 39.4 years (SD16.97)]. 61.6% (
n
= 61) of participants were eligible for screening for at least one condition and uptake of screening was high 86.9% (
n
= 53). Twelve new conditions were identified (12.1% of study population) including hepatitis C (
n
= 1), hypercholesteraemia (
n
= 6), pre-diabetes (
n
= 4), and diabetes (
n
= 1). Health Catch-UP! identified that 100% (
n
= 99) of patients had no immunisations recorded; however, subsequent catch-up vaccination uptake was poor (2.0%,
n
= 1). Qualitative data supported acceptability and feasibility of Health Catch-UP! from staff and patient perspectives, and recommended Health Catch-UP! integration into routine care (e.g. NHS health checks) with an implementation package including staff and patient support materials, standardised care pathways (screening and catch-up vaccination, laboratory, and management), and financial incentivisation.
Conclusions
Clinical Decision Support Systems like Health Catch-UP! can improve disease detection and implementation of screening guidance for migrant patients but require robust testing, resourcing, and an effective implementation package to support both patients and staff.
