Journal Article

Racial/ethnic differences in receipt of naloxone distributed by opioid overdose prevention programs in New York City

Marshall, Brandon D. L., Green, Traci C., Jordan, Ashly E., Schackman, Bruce R., Zang, Xiao, Jalali, Ali, Murphy, Sean M., Trinidad, Andrew J., Nolen, Shayla

2023

Overview

Introduction We evaluated racial/ethnic differences in the receipt of naloxone distributed by opioid overdose prevention programs (OOPPs) in New York City (NYC). Methods We used naloxone recipient racial/ethnic data collected by OOPPs from April 2018 to March 2019. We aggregated quarterly neighborhood-specific rates of naloxone receipt and other covariates to 42 NYC neighborhoods. We used a multilevel negative binomial regression model to assess the relationship between neighborhood-specific naloxone receipt rates and race/ethnicity. Race/ethnicity was stratified into four mutually exclusive groups: Latino, non-Latino Black, non-Latino White, and non-Latino Other. We also conducted racial/ethnic-specific geospatial analyses to assess whether there was within-group geographic variation in naloxone receipt rates for each racial/ethnic group. Results Non-Latino Black residents had the highest median quarterly naloxone receipt rate of 41.8 per 100,000 residents, followed by Latino residents (22.0 per 100,000), non-Latino White (13.6 per 100,000) and non-Latino Other residents (13.3 per 100,000). In our multivariable analysis, compared with non-Latino White residents, non-Latino Black residents had a significantly higher receipt rate, and non-Latino Other residents had a significantly lower receipt rate. In the geospatial analyses, both Latino and non-Latino Black residents had the most within-group geographic variation in naloxone receipt rates compared to non-Latino White and Other residents. Conclusions This study found significant racial/ethnic differences in naloxone receipt from NYC OOPPs. We observed substantial variation in naloxone receipt for non-Latino Black and Latino residents across neighborhoods, indicating relatively poorer access in some neighborhoods and opportunities for new approaches to address geographic and structural barriers in these locations.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Black or African American - statistics & numerical data / Brief Report / Dosage and administration / Drug overdose / Drug stores / Drugs / Ethnicity / Ethnicity - statistics & numerical data / Fentanyl / Geographical variations / Harm reduction / Health facilities / Health Promotion and Disease Prevention / Health Psychology / Hispanic or Latino - statistics & numerical data / Humans / Imprisonment / Low income groups / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Minority & ethnic groups / Mortality / Naloxone / Naloxone - administration & dosage / Naloxone - supply & distribution / Naloxone - therapeutic use / Narcotics / Neighborhoods / New York City / New York City - epidemiology / Opiate Overdose - epidemiology / Opiate Overdose - ethnology / Opiate Overdose - prevention & control / Opioid overdose prevention programs / Opioids / Overdose / Pharmacy / Postal codes / Prevention / Prevention programs / Race / Race discrimination / Racial/ethnic disparities / Regression models / Residence Characteristics - statistics & numerical data / Social Policy / Social Work / Spatial Analysis / Underserved populations / White - statistics & numerical data