Journal Article

Anticancer activity of Curcuma aeroginosa essential oil and its nano-formulations: cytotoxicity, apoptosis and cell migration effects

Viriyaadhammaa, Natsima, Tima, Singkome, Dejkriengkraikul, Pornngarm, Panyajai, Pawaret, Okonogi, Siriporn, Anuchapreeda, Songyot, Chiampanichayakul, Sawitree

2024

Overview

Background and aims Curcuma aeruginosa , commonly known as “kha-min-dam” in Thai, holds significance in Asian traditional medicine due to its potential in treating various diseases, having properties such as anti-HIV, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial and anti-androgenic activities. This study explores the anticancer activity of C. aeruginosa essential oil (CAEO) and its nano-formulations. Methods CAEO obtained from hydrodistillation of C. aeruginosa fresh rhizomes was examined by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity of CAEO was determined in leukaemic K562 and breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines using an MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis and cell apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Cell migration was studied through a wound-healing assay. Results Benzofuran (33.20%) emerged as the major compound of CAEO, followed by Germacrene B (19.12%) and Germacrone (13.60%). Two types of CAEO loaded nano-formulations, nanoemulsion (NE) and microemulsion (ME) were developed. The average droplet sizes of NE and ME were 13.8 ± 0.2 and 21.2 ± 0.2 nm, respectively. In a comparison with other essential oils from the fresh rhizomes of potential plants from the same family ( Curcuma longa , Curcuma mangga and Zingiber officinale ) on anticancer activity against K562 and MCF-7 cell lines, CAEO exhibited the highest cytotoxicity with IC 50 of 13.43 ± 1.09 and 20.18 ± 1.20 µg/mL, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that CAEO significantly increased cell death, evidenced from the sub-G1 populations in the cell cycle assay and triggered apoptosis. Additionally, CAEO effectively inhibited cell migration in MCF-7 cells after incubation for 12 and 24 h. The developed NE and ME formulations significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of CAEO against K562 cells with an IC 50 of 45.30 ± 1.49 and 41.98 ± 0.96 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusion This study’s finding suggest that both nano-formulations, NE and ME, effectively facilitated the delivery of CAEO into cancer cells.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Analysis / Anticancer / Anticancer properties / Antimicrobial agents / antineoplastic activity / antiretroviral agents / Antitumor activity / Apoptosis / Assaying / Benzofuran / Bioavailability / Breast cancer / breast neoplasms / California / Cancer / Cancer therapies / Care and treatment / Cell cycle / Cell death / Cell migration / Cell Movement / Chiropractic Medicine / Chromatography / complement / Complementary & Alternative Medicine / Computer industry / Curcuma / Curcuma - chemistry / Curcuma aeroginosa / Curcuma aeruginosa / Curcuma longa / Curcuma mangga / Cytotoxicity / Dams / droplets / Drug delivery systems / Drugs / Essential oil / Essential oils / family / Flow cytometry / Gas chromatography / gas chromatography-mass spectrometry / Germacrene / Germany / Ginger / HIV / hormone antagonists / human cell lines / Human immunodeficiency virus / Humans / hydrodistillation / Instrument industry / Internal Medicine / Leukemia / Mass spectrometry / Mass spectroscopy / Massage / MCF-7 Cells / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Nano-formulations / Nanoemulsions / Nanoparticles / Oils & fats / Oils, Volatile - chemistry / Oils, Volatile - pharmacology / Penicillin / Rhizomes / Sensors / Surfactants / Thailand / Toxicity / toxicity testing / Traditional medicine / Tumor cell lines / United States / Vincristine / Wound healing / Zingiber officinale