Journal Article

Health literacy among individuals with type 2 diabetes in France: greater social inequalities among women; the Entred 3 study

Fosse-Edorh, Sandrine, Rigal, Laurent, Debussche, Xavier, Agius, Roxane, Panjo, Henri

2025

Overview

Aim The aim of this study was to describe and explore the health literacy in people living with type 2 diabetes in mainland France and its association with socioeconomic factors. Methods ENTRED 3 is a nationally representative French diabetes population-based survey conducted in 2019. Health literacy was measured using two scales from the Health Literacy Questionnaire: ability to actively engage with healthcare providers (HLQ6) and sufficient understanding of health information to know what to do (HLQ9). Gender-stratified analyses and multivariate linear regressions were conducted to study health literacy according to education level and country of birth, adjusting for age and antidiabetic treatment. These analyses were weighted to account for the study’s complex sampling design and non-response bias. Results Two thousand seven hundred fourteen people living with type 2 diabetes responded to the ENTRED 3 questionnaire. The mean scores for respectively HLQ6 and HLQ9 were significantly higher among men (4.03 (standard error of mean sem 0.02); 4.16 (sem 0.03)) than among women (3.87 (sem 0.01); 3.98 (sem 0.05)). At comparable age and antidiabetic treatment: i) education level were positively associated with HLQ6 and HLQ9 among men; ii) women born in North Africa had lower HLQ6 and faced more pronounced educational inequalities with regards to HLQ9 than women born in France. Conclusion This study provides a reference for health literacy in persons living with type 2 diabetes in France and identifies a link between health literacy and socioeconomic factors. Its results represent a significant step in the understanding of the mechanisms of social inequalities in health in France.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Adult / Aged / Analysis / Antidiabetics / Biostatistics / Care and treatment / Complications and side effects / Cross-Sectional Studies / Demographic aspects / Diabetes / Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Economic aspects / Education / Environmental Health / Epidemiology / Female / France / Health aspects / Health care disparities / Health education / Health literacy / Health Literacy - statistics & numerical data / Humans / Life Sciences / Male / Medical personnel / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Men / Middle Aged / Migration / Population / Professionals / Public Health / Questionnaires / Reimbursement / Response bias / Sampling designs / Self report / Sex Factors / Social aspects / Social inequalities in health / Socioeconomic Factors / Socioeconomic status / Socioeconomics / Surveys and Questionnaires / Type 2 diabetes / Vaccine / Women / Womens health