Journal Article

Size-dependent tissue-specific biological effects of core–shell structured Fe3O4@SiO2–NH2 nanoparticles

Yuan, Zhongxue, Feng, Jianghua, Chen, Zhong, Li, Jinquan, Liu, Huili

2019

Overview

Background Understanding the in vivo size-dependent pharmacokinetics and toxicity of nanoparticles is crucial to determine their successful development. Systematic studies on the size-dependent biological effects of nanoparticles not only help to unravel unknown toxicological mechanism but also contribute to the possible biological applications of nanomaterial. Methods In this study, the biodistribution and the size-dependent biological effects of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 –NH 2 nanoparticles (Fe@Si-NPs) in three diameters (10, 20 and 40 nm) were investigated by ICP-AES, serum biochemistry analysis and NMR-based metabolomic analysis after intravenous administration in a rat model. Results Our findings indicated that biodistribution and biological activities of Fe@Si-NPs demonstrated the obvious size-dependent and tissue-specific effects. Spleen and liver are the target tissues of Fe@Si-NPs, and 20 nm of Fe@Si-NPs showed a possible longer blood circulation time. Quantitative biochemical analysis showed that the alterations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and uric acid (UA) were correlated to some extent with the sizes of Fe@Si-NPs. The untargeted metabolomic analyses of tissue metabolomes (kidney, liver, lung, and spleen) indicated that different sizes of Fe@Si-NPs were involved in the different biochemical mechanisms. LDH, formate, uric acid, and GSH related metabolites were suggested as sensitive indicators for the size-dependent toxic effects of Fe@Si-NPs. The findings from serum biochemical analysis and metabolomic analysis corroborate each other. Thus we proposed a toxicity hypothesis that size-dependent NAD depletion may occur in vivo in response to nanoparticle exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first report that links size-dependent biological effects of nanoparticles with in vivo NAD depletion in rats. Conclusion The integrated metabolomic approach is an effective tool to understand physiological responses to the size-specific properties of nanoparticles. Our results can provide a direction for the future biological applications of Fe@Si-NPs.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Atomic emission spectroscopy / Biochemical analysis / Biochemistry / Biocompatibility / Biological effects / Biotechnology / Blood circulation / Chemistry / Chemistry and Materials Science / Core-shell structure / Core–shell structure nanoparticle / Depletion / Diagnostic imaging / Drug dosages / Emission analysis / In vivo methods and tests / Inductively coupled plasma / Intravenous administration / Iron / Iron oxides / Kidneys / L-Lactate dehydrogenase / Laboratory animals / Lactate dehydrogenase / Lactic acid / Liver / Magnetite / Metabolism / Metabolites / Metabolomics / Methods / Molecular Medicine / NAD / Nanomaterials / Nanoparticles / Nanotechnology / NMR / Nuclear magnetic resonance / Pharmacokinetics / Physiological responses / Physiology / Purines / Silicon dioxide / Size effect / Spleen / Tissue analysis / Tissues / Toxicity / Toxicity assessment / Toxicology / Untargeted metabolomics / Uric acid