Journal Article

Prediction of the mechanical response of cardiac alternans by using an electromechanical model of human ventricular myocytes

Park, Jun Ik, Lim, Ki Moo

2019

Overview

Purpose Although the quantitative analysis of electromechanical alternans is important, previous studies have focused on electrical alternans, and there is a lack quantitative analysis of mechanical alternans at the subcellular level according to various basic cycle lengths (BCLs). Therefore, we used the excitation–contraction (E–C) coupling model of human ventricular cells to quantitatively analyze the mechanical alternans of ventricular cells according to various BCLs. Methods To implement E–C coupling, we used calcium transient data, which is the output data of electrical simulation using the electrophysiological model of human ventricular myocytes, as the input data of mechanical simulation using the contractile myofilament dynamics model. Moreover, we applied various loads on ventricular cells for implementation of isotonic and isometric contraction. Results As the BCL was reduced from 1000 to 200 ms at 30 ms increments, mechanical alternans, as well as electrical alternans, were observed. At this time, the myocardial diastolic tension increased, and the contractile ATP consumption rate remained greater than zero even in the resting state. Furthermore, the time of peak tension, equivalent cell length, and contractile ATP consumption rate were all reduced. There are two tendencies that endocardial, mid-myocardial, and epicardial cells have the maximum amplitude of tension and the peak systolic tension begins to appear at a high rate under the isometric condition at a particular BCL. Conclusions We observed mechanical alternans of ventricular myocytes as well as electrical alternans, and identified unstable conditions associated with mechanical alternans. We also determined the amount of BCL given to each ventricular cell to generate stable and high tension state in the case of isometric contraction.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Alternans / Basic cycle length / Biomaterials / Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering / Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology / Biotechnology / Calcium / Cardiac muscle / Computer simulation / Contractility / Contraction / Coupling / Electrocardiography / Engineering / Excitation–contraction coupling model / Health aspects / Heart / Heart cells / Heart failure / Heart ventricles / Human ventricular myocyte / Isometric / Loads (forces) / Mechanical analysis / Mechanical properties / Mechanics / Methods / Muscle contraction / Myocytes / Ordinary differential equations / Physiological aspects / Quantitative analysis / Simulation study / Tension / Ventricle