Journal Article

Efficacy of antibacterial agents combined with erbium laser and photodynamic therapy in reducing titanium biofilm vitality: an in vitro study

Wang, Yuzhuo, Yuan, Changyong, Geng, Tengyu, Wang, Penglai, Wang, Jing

2023

Overview

Background and objective The emergence of peri-implant diseases has prompted various methods for decontaminating the implant surface. This study compared the effectiveness of three different approaches, chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) combined with erbium-doped yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Er:YAG) laser, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and CHX only, for reducing biofilm vitality from implant-like titanium surfaces. Study design/Materials and methods The study involved eight volunteers, each receiving a custom mouth device containing eight titanium discs. The volunteers were requested to wear the device for 72 h for biofilm development. Fluorescence microscopy was used to evaluate the remaining biofilm with a two-component nucleic acid dye kit. The vital residual biofilm was quantified as a percentage of the surface area using image analysis software. Sixty-four titanium discs were assigned randomly to one of four treatment groups. Results The percentage of titanium disc area covered by vital residual biofilm was 43.9% (7.7%), 32.2% (7.0%), 56.6% (3.6%), and 73.2% (7.8%) in the PDT, Er:YAG, CHX, and control groups, respectively (mean (SD)). Compared to the control group, the treatment groups showed significant differences in the area covered by residual biofilm ( P  < 0.001). CHX combined with Er:YAG laser treatment was superior to CHX combined with PDT, and CHX only was better than the control. Conclusion Within the current in vitro model's limitations, CHX combined with Er:YAG laser treatment is a valid method to reduce biofilm vitality on titanium discs.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Aluminum / Anti-Bacterial Agents / Antibacterial agents / Antimicrobial agents / Bacteria / Biofilms / Cancer / Chlorhexidine / Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / Complications and side effects / Dental implants / Dental Implants - microbiology / Dentistry / Dosage and administration / Erbium / Fluorescence microscopy / Humans / Image processing / Implant dentures / Inflammation / Laser therapy / Lasers / Lasers, Solid-State - therapeutic use / Medicine / Methods / Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery / Patient outcomes / Peri-implantitis / Photochemotherapy / Photochemotherapy - methods / Photodynamic therapy / Surface Properties / Teeth / Titanium / Titanium - therapeutic use / Transplants & implants / Yttrium