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Two-dimensional supersolidity in a dipolar quantum gas
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Journal Article
Two-dimensional supersolidity in a dipolar quantum gas
2021
Overview
Supersolid states simultaneously feature properties typically associated with a solid and with a superfluid. Like a solid, they possess crystalline order, manifesting as a periodic modulation of the particle density; but unlike a typical solid, they also have superfluid properties, resulting from coherent particle delocalization across the system. Such states were initially envisioned in the context of bulk solid helium, as a possible answer to the question of whether a solid could have superfluid properties
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–
5
. Although supersolidity has not been observed in solid helium (despite much effort)
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, ultracold atomic gases provide an alternative approach, recently enabling the observation and study of supersolids with dipolar atoms
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–
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. However, unlike the proposed phenomena in helium, these gaseous systems have so far only shown supersolidity along a single direction. Here we demonstrate the extension of supersolid properties into two dimensions by preparing a supersolid quantum gas of dysprosium atoms on both sides of a structural phase transition similar to those occurring in ionic chains
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–
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, quantum wires
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,
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and theoretically in chains of individual dipolar particles
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,
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. This opens the possibility of studying rich excitation properties
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–
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, including vortex formation
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, and ground-state phases with varied geometrical structure
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,
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in a highly flexible and controllable system.
Two-dimensional supersolidity is demonstrated using highly magnetic, ultracold dysprosium atoms.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
