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Toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated from gas–metal arc welding in primary human small airway epithelial cells
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Toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated from gas–metal arc welding in primary human small airway epithelial cells
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Journal Article
Toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated from gas–metal arc welding in primary human small airway epithelial cells
2021
Overview
Welding fumes induce lung toxicity and are carcinogenic to humans but the molecular mechanisms have yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated via gas–metal arc welding using primary human small airway epithelial cells (hSAEC) and ToxTracker reporter murine stem cells, which track activation of six cancer-related pathways. Metal content (Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr) of the particles was relatively homogenous across particle size. The particles were not cytotoxic in reporter stem cells but stainless steel particles activated the Nrf2-dependent oxidative stress pathway. In hSAEC, both particle types induced time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity, and stainless steel particles also increased generation of reactive oxygen species. The cellular metal content was higher for hSAEC compared to the reporter stem cells exposed to the same nominal dose. This was, in part, related to differences in particle agglomeration/sedimentation in the different cell media. Overall, our study showed differences in cytotoxicity and activation of cancer-related pathways between stainless and mild steel welding particles. Moreover, our data emphasizes the need for careful assessment of the cellular dose when comparing studies using different in vitro models.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 692/1537
/ Air Pollutants, Occupational - chemistry
/ Air Pollutants, Occupational - toxicity
/ Animals
/ Cell Survival - drug effects
/ Chromium
/ Epithelial Cells - drug effects
/ Epithelial Cells - metabolism
/ Epithelial Cells - ultrastructure
/ Fumes
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Inhalation Exposure - adverse effects
/ Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper
/ Metals
/ Mice
/ Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
/ Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells - drug effects
/ Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells - metabolism
/ Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells - ultrastructure
/ Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
/ Science
/ Welding
