Journal Article

Contemporary status of insecticide resistance in the major Aedes vectors of arboviruses infecting humans

Martins, Ademir J., Vontas, John, Pinto, João, Raghavendra, Kamaraju, Weetman, David, Ng, Lee Ching, Koou, Sin Ying, Moyes, Catherine L., Dusfour, Isabelle, Corbel, Vincent, David, Jean-Philippe

2017

Overview

Both Aedes aegytpi and Ae. albopictus are major vectors of 5 important arboviruses (namely chikungunya virus, dengue virus, Rift Valley fever virus, yellow fever virus, and Zika virus), making these mosquitoes an important factor in the worldwide burden of infectious disease. Vector control using insecticides coupled with larval source reduction is critical to control the transmission of these viruses to humans but is threatened by the emergence of insecticide resistance. Here, we review the available evidence for the geographical distribution of insecticide resistance in these 2 major vectors worldwide and map the data collated for the 4 main classes of neurotoxic insecticide (carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates, and pyrethroids). Emerging resistance to all 4 of these insecticide classes has been detected in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Target-site mutations and increased insecticide detoxification have both been linked to resistance in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus but more work is required to further elucidate metabolic mechanisms and develop robust diagnostic assays. Geographical distributions are provided for the mechanisms that have been shown to be important to date. Estimating insecticide resistance in unsampled locations is hampered by a lack of standardisation in the diagnostic tools used and by a lack of data in a number of regions for both resistance phenotypes and genotypes. The need for increased sampling using standard methods is critical to tackle the issue of emerging insecticide resistance threatening human health. Specifically, diagnostic doses and well-characterised susceptible strains are needed for the full range of insecticides used to control Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus to standardise measurement of the resistant phenotype, and calibrated diagnostic assays are needed for the major mechanisms of resistance.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Aedes - drug effects / Aedes - genetics / Aedes - virology / Aedes aegypti / Aedes albopictus / Africa / Agrochemicals / Americas / Animal biology / Animals / Aquatic insects / Arboviruses / Arboviruses - classification / Arboviruses - pathogenicity / Asia / Biological Assay / Biology and Life Sciences / Carbamate pesticides / Carbamates / Carbamates (tradename) / Coccidioidomycosis / Dengue / Dengue fever / Detoxification / Diagnostic software / Diagnostic systems / Disease control / Disease transmission / Environmental health / Genotypes / Geographical distribution / Health / Human diseases / Humans / Inactivation, Metabolic / Infectious diseases / Insect Control - methods / Insect Vectors - drug effects / Insect Vectors - genetics / Insect Vectors - virology / Insecticide resistance / Insecticide Resistance - genetics / Insecticides / Insecticides - classification / Insecticides - pharmacology / Invertebrate Zoology / Larva - drug effects / Life Sciences / Malaria / Measurement / Medicine and Health Sciences / Microbiological strains / Mosquitoes / Mutation / Neurotoxicity / Open access / Organic phosphorus compounds / Organochlorine compounds / Organophosphates / Parasites / Pesticide resistance / Phenotypes / Physical Sciences / Pyrethroids / Reduction / Review / Rift Valley fever / Santé publique et épidémiologie / Strains / Transmission / Tropical diseases / Vaccines / Vector-borne diseases / Vectors / Viral diseases / Viruses / Zika virus