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Where’s the risk? Landscape epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasitism in Alberta beef cattle
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Where’s the risk? Landscape epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasitism in Alberta beef cattle
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Journal Article
Where’s the risk? Landscape epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasitism in Alberta beef cattle
2015
Overview
Background
Gastrointenstinal nematodes (GIN) present a serious challenge to the health and productivity of grazing stock around the globe. However, the epidemiology of GIN transmission remains poorly understood in northern climates. Combining use of serological diagnostics, GIS mapping technology, and geospatial statistics, we evaluated ecological covariates of spatial and temporal variability in GIN transmission among bovine calves pastured in Alberta, Canada.
Methods
Sera were collected from 1000 beef calves across Alberta, Canada over three consecutive years (2008–2010) and analyzed for presence of anti-GIN antibodies using the SVANOVIR
Ostertagia osteragi
-Ab ELISA kit. Using a GIS and Bayesian multivariate spatial statistics, we evaluated the degree to which variation in specific environmental covariates (e.g. moisture, humidity, temperature) was associated with variation in spatial and temporal heterogeneity in exposure to GIN (
Nematodirus
and other trichostrongyles, primarily
Ostertagia
and
Cooperia
).
Results
Variation in growing degree days above a base temperature of 5 °C, humidity, air temperature, and accumulated precipitation were found to be significant predictors of broad–scale spatial and temporal variation in serum antibody concentrations. Risk model projections identified that while transmission in cattle from southeastern and northwestern Alberta was relatively low in all years, rate of GIN transmission was generally higher in the central region of Alberta.
Conclusions
The spatial variability in risk is attributed to higher average humidity, precipitation and moderate temperatures in the central region of Alberta in comparison with the hot, dry southeastern corner of the province and the cool, dry northwestern corner. Although more targeted sampling is needed to improve model accuracy, our projections represent an important step towards tying treatment recommendations to actual risk of infection.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
Subject
/ Alberta
/ Animals
/ Bayesian
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ calves
/ Cattle
/ Cattle Diseases - epidemiology
/ Cattle Diseases - parasitology
/ climate
/ Cooperia
/ Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
/ Gastrointestinal Diseases - epidemiology
/ Gastrointestinal Diseases - parasitology
/ Gastrointestinal Diseases - veterinary
/ geographic information systems
/ GIS
/ grazing
/ Humidity
/ Multivariate hierarchical models
/ Nematoda
/ Parasitic Diseases, Animal - epidemiology
/ Parasitic Diseases, Animal - parasitology
/ risk
/ Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science
/ Virology
