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Immune complement and coagulation dysfunction in adverse outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection
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Immune complement and coagulation dysfunction in adverse outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection
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Journal Article
Immune complement and coagulation dysfunction in adverse outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection
2020
Overview
Understanding the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical for therapeutic and public health strategies. Viral–host interactions can guide discovery of disease regulators, and protein structure function analysis points to several immune pathways, including complement and coagulation, as targets of coronaviruses. To determine whether conditions associated with dysregulated complement or coagulation systems impact disease, we performed a retrospective observational study and found that history of macular degeneration (a proxy for complement-activation disorders) and history of coagulation disorders (thrombocytopenia, thrombosis and hemorrhage) are risk factors for SARS-CoV-2-associated morbidity and mortality—effects that are independent of age, sex or history of smoking. Transcriptional profiling of nasopharyngeal swabs demonstrated that in addition to type-I interferon and interleukin-6-dependent inflammatory responses, infection results in robust engagement of the complement and coagulation pathways. Finally, in a candidate-driven genetic association study of severe SARS-CoV-2 disease, we identified putative complement and coagulation-associated loci including missense, eQTL and sQTL variants of critical complement and coagulation regulators. In addition to providing evidence that complement function modulates SARS-CoV-2 infection outcome, the data point to putative transcriptional genetic markers of susceptibility. The results highlight the value of using a multimodal analytical approach to reveal determinants and predictors of immunity, susceptibility and clinical outcome associated with infection.
A combination of clinical and molecular analyses supports an association between disorders of immune complement or coagulation with poor outcome in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group US,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ 692/499
/ Adult
/ Aged
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Blood Coagulation - genetics
/ Blood Coagulation Disorders - epidemiology
/ Complement Activation - genetics
/ Complement Activation - immunology
/ Coronavirus Infections - blood
/ Coronavirus Infections - genetics
/ Coronavirus Infections - immunology
/ Coronavirus Infections - mortality
/ COVID-19
/ Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology
/ Female
/ Hereditary Complement Deficiency Diseases - epidemiology
/ Hereditary Complement Deficiency Diseases - immunology
/ Humans
/ Letter
/ Macular Degeneration - epidemiology
/ Male
/ New York City - epidemiology
/ Pneumonia, Viral - immunology
/ Pneumonia, Viral - mortality
/ Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
/ Structure-function relationships
