Journal Article

Effects of different dietary protein intakes on body composition and vascular reactivity

Liccardo, E, Innelli, P, Limauro, S, Celentano, A, Palmieri, V, De Luca, G, Ferrara, F, Ferrara, L.A

2006

Overview

Objective: To assess the effects of a diet rich in protein of animal origin in comparison to one with a protein intake of about 15% of the total daily calories on body composition and arterial function. Design: Randomized prospective study with parallel groups. Body weight (BW), blood pressure (BP), main parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, body mass composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis, forearm blood flow at rest and in the postischaemic phase by strain gauge plethysmography and flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery by echography were measured at baseline and after 6 months of the dietary intervention. Subjects: In total, 15 clinically healthy male volunteers, regularly performing a mixed training three times weekly for 90 min. Intervention: The participants were randomly prescribed a diet with high (1.9 g/kg BW) or normal (1.3 g/kg BW) protein content. Statistical analysis: Differences between means were evaluated by the t-tests for paired or unpaired data and by one way analysis of variance. The strength of correlation between variables was investigated by bivariate Pearson correlation. Results: Serum cholesterol significantly decreased with both diets in comparison to baseline values, whereas BW was slightly but significantly reduced only by the high-protein (HP) diet. No change was detected in BP and the other metabolic parameters. Body mass composition was not significantly modified by either diet. On the other hand, postischaemic flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery was enhanced by the sole normal protein (NP) diet, whereas no change in the forearm blood flow, both at rest and in the postischaemic phase, was detected. Conclusions: These preliminary results indicate that HP diet was found to be not useful in increasing the muscle mass in comparison to a NP intake. In contrast to this, the latter diet seems to enhance the endothelial function of the arterial vessels with a more pronounced dilatation of the lumen in response to the increase in blood flow.

• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing,Nature Publishing Group
• Subject: administration & dosage / Adolescent / Adult / Analysis of Variance / animal source protein / Bioelectricity / Biological and medical sciences / Bivariate analysis / blood / Blood flow / blood lipids / Blood pressure / Blood Pressure - drug effects / Blood vessels / Body composition / Body Composition - drug effects / Body Composition - physiology / Body mass / Body weight / Calories / Carbohydrate metabolism / Carbohydrates / Cholesterol / Cholesterol - blood / Circulatory system / Clinical Nutrition / Dairy products / Diet / dietary protein / Dietary Proteins / Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage / Dietary Proteins - pharmacology / Dilation / Dose-Response Relationship, Drug / drug effects / Epidemiology / experimental diets / Forearm / High protein diet / human nutrition / Humans / Impedance / Internal Medicine / Lipid metabolism / Lipids / Male / Medical sciences / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / men / Metabolic Diseases / Metabolism / muscle tissues / Muscles / Nutrition / original-article / Parameter modification / pharmacology / physiology / Plethysmography / Prospective Studies / Protein composition / protein intake / Proteins / Public Health / Regional Blood Flow / Regional Blood Flow - drug effects / Regional Blood Flow - physiology / Statistical analysis / Strain gauges / Training / Variance analysis / vasodilation / Weight Loss / Weight Loss - drug effects / young adults