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Dairy fat in cheese raises LDL cholesterol less than that in butter in mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects
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Dairy fat in cheese raises LDL cholesterol less than that in butter in mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects
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Journal Article
Dairy fat in cheese raises LDL cholesterol less than that in butter in mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects
2005
Overview
Objective:
To determine whether dairy fat in cheese raises low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol as much as in butter, since epidemiology suggests a different impact on cardiovascular disease.
Design:
A randomised crossover trial testing the daily consumption of 40 g dairy fat as butter or as matured cheddar cheese, each of 4 weeks duration, was preceded by and separated by 2-week periods when dietary fat was less saturated.
Setting:
Free-living volunteers.
Subjects:
A total of 14 men and five women of mean age 56±8 y, with mean total cholesterol of 5.6±0.8 mmol/l.
Main outcome measures:
Plasma cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), triacylglycerol and glucose.
Results:
Saturated fat intake was significantly lower during the run-in than during the cheese and butter periods. Mean lipid values did not differ significantly between the cheese and run-in periods, but total cholesterol and LDL-C were significantly higher with butter: total cholesterol (mmol/l): butter 6.1±0.7; run-in 5.6±0.8 (
P
<0.05; ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustment);
vs
cheese 5.8±0.6 (
P
>0.05); median LDL-C (mmol/l): butter 3.9 (3.5–4.1)
vs
run-in 3.4 (3.0–4.1) (
P
<0.05; Tukey test);
vs
cheese 3.7 (3.3–3.9) (
P
>0.05). Among 13 subjects whose initial LDL-C was >4 mmol/l, the difference between butter (4.4±0.3 mmol/l) and cheese (3.9±0.3 mmol/l) was significant (
P
=0.014). HDL-C was highest with butter and triacylglycerol with cheese (neither was significant).
Conclusion:
A total of 40 g dairy fat eaten daily for 4 weeks as butter, but not as cheese, raised total and LDL cholesterol significantly compared with a diet containing significantly less saturated fat. Dietary advice regarding cheese consumption may require modification.
Sponsorship:
Partly supported by Dairy Australia.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ adults
/ analysis
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ blood
/ Butter
/ Cheese
/ cheeses
/ Cholesterol, LDL - drug effects
/ Dietary Fats - administration & dosage
/ Disorders of blood lipids. Hyperlipoproteinemia
/ Female
/ Humans
/ Hypercholesterolemia - blood
/ Hypercholesterolemia - diet therapy
/ Lipids
/ Male
/ Medicine
/ milk fat
