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Infection and exposure to vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs and their ticks, Uganda
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Infection and exposure to vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs and their ticks, Uganda
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Journal Article
Infection and exposure to vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs and their ticks, Uganda
2015
Overview
Background
In rural parts of Africa, dogs live in close association with humans and livestock, roam freely, and usually do not receive prophylactic measures. Thus, they are a source of infectious disease for humans and for wildlife such as protected carnivores. In 2011, an epidemiological study was carried out around three conservation areas in Uganda to detect the presence and determine the prevalence of vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs and associated ticks to evaluate the risk that these pathogens pose to humans and wildlife.
Methods
Serum samples (
n
= 105), blood smears (
n
= 43) and blood preserved on FTA cards (
n
= 38) and ticks (58 monospecific pools of
Haemaphysalis leachi
and
Rhipicephalus praetextatus
including 312 ticks from 52 dogs) were collected from dogs. Dog sera were tested by indirect immunofluorescence to detect the presence of antibodies against
Rickettsia conorii
and
Ehrlichia canis
. Antibodies against
R. conorii
were also examined by indirect enzyme immunoassay. Real time PCR for the detection of
Rickettsia
spp., Anaplasmataceae,
Bartonella
spp. and
Babesia
spp. was performed in DNA extracted from FTA cards and ticks.
Results
99 % of the dogs were seropositive to
Rickettsia
spp. and 29.5 % to
Ehrlichia
spp. Molecular analyses revealed that 7.8 % of the blood samples were infected with
Babesia rossi
, and all were negative for
Rickettsia
spp. and
Ehrlichia
spp. Ticks were infected with
Rickettsia
sp. (18.9 %), including
R. conorii
and
R. massiliae
;
Ehrlichia
sp. (18.9 %), including
E. chaffeensis
and
Anaplasma platys
; and
B. rossi
(1.7 %).
Bartonella
spp. was not detected in any of the blood or tick samples.
Conclusions
This study confirms the presence of previously undetected vector-borne pathogens of humans and animals in East Africa. We recommend that dog owners in rural Uganda be advised to protect their animals against ectoparasites to prevent the transmission of pathogens to humans and wildlife.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,BMC
Subject
/ Anaplasma - isolation & purification
/ Animals
/ Babesia
/ Babesia - isolation & purification
/ Bartonella - isolation & purification
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ DNA
/ Dogs
/ Ehrlichia - isolation & purification
/ Enzymes
/ Female
/ fluorescent antibody technique
/ Humans
/ Male
/ quantitative polymerase chain reaction
/ Rickettsia - isolation & purification
/ risk
/ Tick Infestations - epidemiology
/ Tick Infestations - parasitology
/ Tick Infestations - prevention & control
/ Tick-Borne Diseases - epidemiology
/ Tick-Borne Diseases - microbiology
/ Tick-Borne Diseases - parasitology
/ ticks
/ Uganda
/ Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science
/ Virology
/ wildlife
