Journal Article

Neuronal effects of nicotine during auditory selective attention

Eichman, Lindsay S., Tregellas, Jason R., Smucny, Jason, Olincy, Ann

2015

Overview

Rationale Although the attention-enhancing effects of nicotine have been behaviorally and neurophysiologically well-documented, its localized functional effects during selective attention are poorly understood. Objectives In this study, we examined the neuronal effects of nicotine during auditory selective attention in healthy human nonsmokers. We hypothesized to observe significant effects of nicotine in attention-associated brain areas, driven by nicotine-induced increases in activity as a function of increasing task demands. Methods A single-blind, prospective, randomized crossover design was used to examine neuronal response associated with a go/no-go task after 7 mg nicotine or placebo patch administration in 20 individuals who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3T. The task design included two levels of difficulty (ordered vs. random stimuli) and two levels of auditory distraction (silence vs. noise). Results Significant treatment × difficulty × distraction interaction effects on neuronal response were observed in the hippocampus, ventral parietal cortex, and anterior cingulate. In contrast to our hypothesis, U and inverted U-shaped dependencies were observed between the effects of nicotine on response and task demands, depending on the brain area. Conclusions These results suggest that nicotine may differentially affect neuronal response depending on task conditions. These results have important theoretical implications for understanding how cholinergic tone may influence the neurobiology of selective attention.

• Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Administration, Cutaneous / Adult / Attention (Psychology) / Attention - drug effects / Auditory Perception - drug effects / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Biomedicine / Brain / Brain - drug effects / Brain Mapping / Cross-Over Studies / Female / Humans / Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Male / Neurons / Neurons - drug effects / Neurophysiology / Neurosciences / Nicotine / Nicotine - pharmacology / NMR / Nuclear magnetic resonance / Original Investigation / Pharmacology/Toxicology / Physiological aspects / Prospective Studies / Psychiatry / Psychological aspects / Psychopharmacology / Single-Blind Method