Journal Article

Coral reef fish predator maintains olfactory acuity in degraded coral habitats

Lönnstedt, Oona M., McCormick, Mark I., Natt, Michael

2017

Overview

Coral reefs around the world are rapidly degrading due to a range of environmental stressors. Habitat degradation modifies the sensory landscape within which predator-prey interactions occur, with implications for olfactory-mediated behaviours. Predator naïve settlement-stage damselfish rely on conspecific damage-released odours (i.e., alarm odours) to inform risk assessments. Yet, species such as the Ambon damselfish, Pomacentrus amboinensis, become unable to respond appropriately to these cues when living in dead-degraded coral habitats, leading to increased mortality through loss of vigilance. Reef fish predators also rely on odours from damaged prey to locate, assess prey quality and engage in prey-stealing, but it is unknown whether their responses are also modified by the change to dead-degraded coral habitats. Implications for prey clearly depend on how their predatory counterparts are affected, therefore the present study tested whether olfactory-mediated foraging responses in the dusky dottyback, Pseudochromis fuscus, a common predator of P. amboinensis, were similarly affected by coral degradation. A y-maze was used to measure the ability of Ps. fuscus to detect and move towards odours, against different background water sources. Ps. fuscus were exposed to damage-released odours from juvenile P. amboinensis, or a control cue of seawater, against a background of seawater treated with either healthy or dead-degraded hard coral. Predators exhibited an increased time allocation to the chambers of y-mazes injected with damage-released odours, with comparable levels of response in both healthy and dead-degraded coral treated waters. In control treatments, where damage-released odours were replaced with a control seawater cue, fish showed no increased preference for either chamber of the y-maze. Our results suggest that olfactory-mediated foraging behaviours may persist in Ps. fuscus within dead-degraded coral habitats. Ps. fuscus may consequently gain a sensory advantage over P. amboinensis, potentially altering the outcome of predator-prey interactions.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Acuity / Alarm systems / Analysis / Animal behavior / Animals / Biodegradation / Biology and Life Sciences / Coral Reefs / Cues / Damage assessment / Degradation / Earth Sciences / Ecology and Environmental Sciences / Ecosystem / Environmental aspects / Environmental degradation / Environmental stress / Fish / Fishes / Fishes - physiology / Foraging behavior / Foraging habitats / Habitats / Land degradation / Odors / Physical Sciences / Predator-prey interactions / Predators / Prey / Quality assessment / Reef fish / Risk assessment / Seawater / Smell / Time allocation / Vigilance / Water sources