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Diet Soda Intake and Risk of Incident Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
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Diet Soda Intake and Risk of Incident Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
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Journal Article
Diet Soda Intake and Risk of Incident Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
2009
Overview
OBJECTIVE: We determined associations between diet soda consumption and risk of incident metabolic syndrome, its components, and type 2 diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Diet soda consumption was assessed by food frequency questionnaire at baseline (2000-2002). Incident type 2 diabetes was identified at three follow-up examinations (2002-2003, 2004-2005, and 2005-2007) as fasting glucose >126 mg/dl, self-reported type 2 diabetes, or use of diabetes medication. Metabolic syndrome (and components) was defined by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CI for type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and metabolic syndrome components were estimated, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and dietary confounders. RESULTS: At least daily consumption of diet soda was associated with a 36% greater relative risk of incident metabolic syndrome and a 67% greater relative risk of incident type 2 diabetes compared with nonconsumption (HR 1.36 [95% CI 1.11-1.66] for metabolic syndrome and 1.67 [1.27-2.20] for type 2 diabetes). Of metabolic syndrome components, only high waist circumference (men greater-than-or-equal102 cm and women greater-than-or-equal88 cm) and high fasting glucose (greater-than-or-equal100 mg/dl) were prospectively associated with diet soda consumption. Associations between diet soda consumption and type 2 diabetes were independent of baseline measures of adiposity or changes in these measures, whereas associations between diet soda and metabolic syndrome were not independent of these factors. CONCLUSIONS: Although these observational data cannot establish causality, consumption of diet soda at least daily was associated with significantly greater risks of select incident metabolic syndrome components and type 2 diabetes.
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Subject
/ adults
/ Atherosclerosis - epidemiology
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Carbonated Beverages - adverse effects
/ Dextrose
/ Diabetes
/ Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology
/ Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology
/ Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance
/ Diet
/ Dietary Sucrose - administration & dosage
/ Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)
/ Ethnicity - statistics & numerical data
/ etiology
/ Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance
/ fasting
/ Female
/ food frequency questionnaires
/ Glucose
/ Humans
/ Male
/ men
/ Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology
/ Metabolic Syndrome - etiology
/ nationalities and ethnic groups
/ noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
/ Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine
/ Risk
/ Studies
/ women
