Journal Article

Toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS): A review and update

Dada, Tanuj, Sharma, Namrata, Verma, Lalit, Maharana, Prafulla K, Malik, Anu

2024

Overview

Toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) is an acute, sterile, postoperative inflammatory reaction of the anterior segment without vitreous involvement, following an uncomplicated and uneventful ocular surgery, having broad and multiple etiologies. The symptoms of decreased visual acuity and ocular discomfort generally occur within the first 12-48 h after intraocular surgery. The clinical signs include prominent limbus-to-limbus corneal edema, anterior chamber cells, aqueous flare, fibrinous inflammation, and/or keratic precipitates. There can be sight-threatening complications of TASS, such as permanent corneal decompensation, intractable glaucoma, and cystoid macular edema. The causes of TASS are emerging and being reported, so are the newer treatment options for managing the inflammation and its complications. Prevention guidelines for TASS are being updated, and a traceability system for surgical instruments and intraocular fluids used during the surgery is being perpetually developed. It is important to recognize TASS and start treatment on an immediate effect. Hereby, we review the literature on TASS, emphasizing its etiology, pathophysiology, management, prognosis, complications, and the importance of prevention as well as prompt recognition.

• Publisher: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow,Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd,Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd
• Subject: Acuity / Anterior chamber / Anterior Eye Segment - pathology / Care and treatment / Causes of / Complications / Cornea / Corneal Edema - diagnosis / Corneal Edema - etiology / Corneal Edema - therapy / Edema / Eye / Eye diseases / Glaucoma / Glaucoma - complications / Humans / Inflammation / Medical equipment / Methylene blue / Physiological apparatus / Postoperative Complications - etiology / Review / Review Article / Risk factors / Surgery / Syndrome / Type 2 diabetes