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Global change drives modern plankton communities away from the pre-industrial state
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Journal Article
Global change drives modern plankton communities away from the pre-industrial state
2019
Overview
The ocean—the Earth’s largest ecosystem—is increasingly affected by anthropogenic climate change
1
,
2
. Large and globally consistent shifts have been detected in species phenology, range extension and community composition in marine ecosystems
3
–
5
. However, despite evidence for ongoing change, it remains unknown whether marine ecosystems have entered an Anthropocene
6
state beyond the natural decadal to centennial variability. This is because most observational time series lack a long-term baseline, and the few time series that extend back into the pre-industrial era have limited spatial coverage
7
,
8
. Here we use the unique potential of the sedimentary record of planktonic foraminifera—ubiquitous marine zooplankton—to provide a global pre-industrial baseline for the composition of modern species communities. We use a global compilation of 3,774 seafloor-derived planktonic foraminifera communities of pre-industrial age
9
and compare these with communities from sediment-trap time series that have sampled plankton flux since
ad
1978 (33 sites, 87 observation years). We find that the Anthropocene assemblages differ from their pre-industrial counterparts in proportion to the historical change in temperature. We observe community changes towards warmer or cooler compositions that are consistent with historical changes in temperature in 85% of the cases. These observations not only confirm the existing evidence for changes in marine zooplankton communities in historical times, but also demonstrate that Anthropocene communities of a globally distributed zooplankton group systematically differ from their unperturbed pre-industrial state.
Seafloor-derived planktonic foraminifera communities of pre-industrial age are compared with communities from sediment-trap time series and show that Anthropocene communities of a globally distributed zooplankton group differ from their unperturbed pre-industrial state.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Animals
/ Anthropogenic climate changes
/ Aquatic Organisms - classification
/ Aquatic Organisms - isolation & purification
/ Climate Change - statistics & numerical data
/ Foraminifera - classification
/ Foraminifera - isolation & purification
/ Geologic Sediments - chemistry
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Letter
/ Plankton
/ Plankton - isolation & purification
/ Science
