Journal Article

Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression within one year after birth in urban slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Khan, Abdullah Nurus Salam, Hasan, Mehedi, Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir, Arifeen, Shams El, Billah, Sk Masum, Joshi, Hemraj, Shrestha, Sadichhya, Azad, Rashidul, Fahmi, Rukhshan

2019

Overview

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious pubic health concern and known to have the adverse effects on mother's perinatal wellbeing; and child's physical and cognitive development. There were limited literatures on PPD in Bangladesh, especially in urban slum context. The aim of this study was to assess the burden and risk factors of PPD among the urban slum women. A cross-sectional study was conducted between November-December 2017 in three urban slums on 376 women within first 12 months of postpartum. A validated Bangla version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to measure the depression status. Respondent's socio-economic characteristics and other risk factors were collected with structured validated questionaire by trained interviewers. Unadjusted Prevalence Ratio (PR) and Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (APR) were estimated with Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) respectively to identify the risk factors of PPD. The prevalence of PPD was 39.4% within first 12 months following the child birth. Job involvement after child delivery (APR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1, 3.3), job loss due to pregnancy (APR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0, 2.1), history of miscarriage or still birth or child death (APR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0, 2.0), unintended pregnancy (APR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.3, 2.5), management of delivery cost by borrowing, selling or mortgaging assets (APR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.9, 1.9), depressive symptom during pregnancy (APR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.7, 3.8) and intimate partner violence (APR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.2, 3.3), were identified as risk factors. PPD was not associated with poverty, mother in law and any child related factors. The burden of postpartum depression was high in the urban slum of Bangladesh. Maternal mental health services should be integrated with existing maternal health services. Research is required for the innovation of effective, low cost and culturally appropriate PPD case management and preventive intervention in urban slum of Bangladesh.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Adolescent / Adult / Aggression / Analysis / Anxiety / Bangladesh - epidemiology / Bengali / Birth / Care and treatment / Case management / Case studies / Child death / Child mortality / Child poverty / Childbirth & labor / Children / Cognitive ability / Cognitive development / Cross-Sectional Studies / Depression (Mood disorder) / Depression, Postpartum - epidemiology / Domestic violence / Economic factors / Female / Ghettos / Health care expenditures / Health research / Health risks / Health status / Humans / Industrialized nations / Innovations / Intimate partner violence / Linear analysis / Maternal characteristics / Medical research / Medicine and Health Sciences / Mental depression / Mental disorders / Mental health / Mental health services / Middle Aged / Miscarriage / Mothers / People and Places / Perinatal / Population / Postpartum / Postpartum depression / Postpartum period / Postpartum women / Poverty / Poverty Areas / Pregnancy / Prevalence / Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) / Public health / Public relations / Risk analysis / Risk assessment / Risk Factors / Rural areas / Side effects / Slums / Social factors / Social Sciences / Socioeconomic factors / Socioeconomic status / Statistical models / Stress / Systematic review / Time Factors / Unemployment / Unwanted pregnancy / Urban areas / Violence / Well being / Womens health / Young Adult