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Adipose-derived circulating miRNAs regulate gene expression in other tissues
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Journal Article
Adipose-derived circulating miRNAs regulate gene expression in other tissues
2017
Overview
Adipose tissue is a major site of energy storage and has a role in the regulation of metabolism through the release of adipokines. Here we show that mice with an adipose-tissue-specific knockout of the microRNA (miRNA)-processing enzyme Dicer (ADicerKO), as well as humans with lipodystrophy, exhibit a substantial decrease in levels of circulating exosomal miRNAs. Transplantation of both white and brown adipose tissue—brown especially—into ADicerKO mice restores the level of numerous circulating miRNAs that are associated with an improvement in glucose tolerance and a reduction in hepatic
Fgf21
mRNA and circulating FGF21. This gene regulation can be mimicked by the administration of normal, but not ADicerKO, serum exosomes. Expression of a human-specific miRNA in the brown adipose tissue of one mouse
in vivo
can also regulate its 3′ UTR reporter in the liver of another mouse through serum exosomal transfer. Thus, adipose tissue constitutes an important source of circulating exosomal miRNAs, which can regulate gene expression in distant tissues and thereby serve as a previously undescribed form of adipokine.
Adipose tissue is a major source of circulating exosomal miRNAs, which contribute to the regulation of gene expression in distant tissues and organs.
A novel form of adipokine
Adipose tissue is best known as a site of energy storage, but it also has a role in the regulation of metabolism through the release of cell signalling molecules called adipokines. Here Ronald Kahn and colleagues show that adipose tissue constitutes a major source of circulating exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs), and that these miRNAs are able to regulate gene expression in distant tissues. The miRNAs can therefore be considered to be a form of adipokine.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
3' Untranslated Regions - genetics
/ Adipose Tissue - transplantation
/ Adipose Tissue, Brown - cytology
/ Adipose Tissue, Brown - metabolism
/ Adipose Tissue, Brown - secretion
/ Adipose Tissue, Brown - transplantation
/ Adipose Tissue, White - metabolism
/ Adipose Tissue, White - secretion
/ Adipose Tissue, White - transplantation
/ Animals
/ Enzymes
/ Fibroblast Growth Factors - blood
/ Fibroblast Growth Factors - genetics
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Male
/ Methods
/ Mice
/ MicroRNA
/ Organ Specificity - genetics
/ Ribonuclease III - deficiency
/ Rodents
/ Science
