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Concurrent Clade I and Clade II Monkeypox Virus Circulation, Cameroon, 1979–2022

by Tchatchueng-Mbougua, Jules B. , Essima, Gael D. , Agwe, Samuel M. , Etoundi, Alain G.M. , Yonga, Martial G. , Mossi, Hans M. , Metomb, Steve F. , Eyangoh, Sara I. , Ngonla, Firmin N.N. , Sadeuh-Mba, Serge A. , Bilounga, Chanceline N. , Chebo, Cornelius , Ankone, Placide A. , Njouom, Richard , Djuicy, Delia D. , Kazanji, Mirdad , Nguidjol, Inès M.E. , Esso, Linda

in Africa / Cameroon / Causes of / Central African Republic / Concurrent Clade I and Clade II Monkeypox Virus Circulation, Cameroon, 1979–2022 / Distribution / DNA viruses / Epidemics / Forests / Genetic aspects / Human monkeypox / Identification and classification / Infections / Laboratories / Life Sciences / Marburg virus disease / Microbiology and Parasitology / monkeypox virus / Mpox / MPXV / Nigeria / Phylogenetics / Public health / Rain forests / Rainforests / Smallpox / Software / Surveillance / Virology / viruses / Zoonoses

2024

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Concurrent Clade I and Clade II Monkeypox Virus Circulation, Cameroon, 1979–2022

2024

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Concurrent Clade I and Clade II Monkeypox Virus Circulation, Cameroon, 1979–2022

2024

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Journal Article

Concurrent Clade I and Clade II Monkeypox Virus Circulation, Cameroon, 1979–2022

Tchatchueng-Mbougua, Jules B.,

Essima, Gael D.,

Agwe, Samuel M.,

Etoundi, Alain G.M.,

Yonga, Martial G.,

Mossi, Hans M.,

Metomb, Steve F.,

Eyangoh, Sara I.,

Ngonla, Firmin N.N.,

Sadeuh-Mba, Serge A.,

Bilounga, Chanceline N.,

Chebo, Cornelius,

Ankone, Placide A.,

Njouom, Richard,

Djuicy, Delia D.,

Kazanji, Mirdad,

Nguidjol, Inès M.E.,

Esso, Linda

2024

Overview

During 1979-2022, Cameroon recorded 32 laboratory-confirmed mpox cases among 137 suspected mpox cases identified by the national surveillance network. The highest positivity rate occurred in 2022, indicating potential mpox re-emergence in Cameroon. Both clade I (n = 12) and clade II (n = 18) monkeypox virus (MPXV) were reported, a unique feature of mpox in Cameroon. The overall case-fatality ratio of 2.2% was associated with clade II. We found mpox occurred only in the forested southern part of the country, and MPXV phylogeographic structure revealed a clear geographic separation among concurrent circulating clades. Clade I originated from eastern regions close to neighboring mpox-endemic countries in Central Africa; clade II was prevalent in western regions close to West Africa. Our findings suggest that MPXV re-emerged after a 30-year lapse and might arise from different viral reservoirs unique to ecosystems in eastern and western rainforests of Cameroon.

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Publisher

U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Subject

Africa

/ Cameroon

/ Causes of

/ Central African Republic

/ Concurrent Clade I and Clade II Monkeypox Virus Circulation, Cameroon, 1979–2022

/ Distribution

/ DNA viruses