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The genomic basis of circadian and circalunar timing adaptations in a midge
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The genomic basis of circadian and circalunar timing adaptations in a midge
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Journal Article
The genomic basis of circadian and circalunar timing adaptations in a midge
2016
Overview
Organisms use endogenous clocks to anticipate regular environmental cycles, such as days and tides. Natural variants resulting in differently timed behaviour or physiology, known as chronotypes in humans, have not been well characterized at the molecular level. We sequenced the genome of
Clunio marinus
, a marine midge whose reproduction is timed by circadian and circalunar clocks. Midges from different locations show strain-specific genetic timing adaptations. We examined genetic variation in five
C. marinus
strains from different locations and mapped quantitative trait loci for circalunar and circadian chronotypes. The region most strongly associated with circadian chronotypes generates strain-specific differences in the abundance of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II.1 (CaMKII.1) splice variants. As equivalent variants were shown to alter CaMKII activity in
Drosophila melanogaster
, and
C. marinus
(
Cma
)-CaMKII.1 increases the transcriptional activity of the dimer of the circadian proteins
Cma-
CLOCK and
Cma-
CYCLE, we suggest that modulation of alternative splicing is a mechanism for natural adaptation in circadian timing.
Genomic and molecular analyses of
Clunio marinus
timing strains suggest that modulation of alternative splicing of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II represents a mechanism for evolutionary adaptation of circadian timing.
Night and day habits of a sea midge
Kristin Tessmar-Raible and colleagues report the genome of
Clunio marinus
, a marine midge whose reproduction is timed to the tides by circadian and circalunar clocks. To identify genetic variation associated with timing differences, the authors report genetic mapping in a selection of
C. marinus
strains with a range of circadian and circalunar timing. They suggest that circalunar and circadian timing are regulated by separate pathways, do not find involvement of core clock genes, and implicate calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II.1 in the regulation of circadian timing.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Alternative Splicing - genetics
/ Animals
/ Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 - genetics
/ Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 - metabolism
/ Chironomidae - classification
/ Drosophila melanogaster - enzymology
/ Drosophila melanogaster - genetics
/ Genes
/ Genomes
/ Genomics
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Male
/ Moon
/ Proteins
/ Quantitative Trait Loci - genetics
/ Science
/ Studies
