Journal Article

Determinants of the Changes in Glycemic Control with Exercise Training in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial

Sparks, Lauren M., Earnest, Conrad P., Zhang, Zhengyu, Church, Timothy S., Smith, Steven R., Ravussin, Eric, Johannsen, Neil M.

2013

Overview

To assess the determinants of exercise training-induced improvements in glucose control (HbA1C) including changes in serum total adiponectin and FFA concentrations, and skeletal muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) protein content. A sub-cohort (n = 35; 48% men; 74% Caucasian) from the HART-D study undertaking muscle biopsies before and after 9 months of aerobic (AT), resistance (RT), or combination training (ATRT). Changes in HbA1C were associated with changes in adiponectin (r = -0.45, P = 0.007). Participants diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for a longer duration had the largest increase in PGC-1α (r = 0.44, P = 0.008). Statistical modeling examining changes in HbA1C suggested that male sex (P = 0.05), non-Caucasian ethnicity (P = 0.02), duration of type 2 diabetes (r = 0.40; P<0.002) and changes in FFA (r = 0.36; P<0.004), adiponectin (r = -0.26; P<0.03), and PGC-1α (r = -0.28; P = 0.02) explain ∼65% of the variability in the changes in HbA1C. Decreases in HbA1C after 9 months of exercise were associated with shorter duration of diabetes, lowering of serum FFA concentrations, increasing serum adiponectin concentrations and increasing skeletal muscle PGC-1α protein expression. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00458133.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Adiponectin / Adiponectin - blood / Adult / Aged / Biology / Biomedical research / Biosynthesis / Body composition / Diabetes / Diabetes mellitus / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - therapy / Diabetes therapy / Exercise / Exercise Therapy / Female / Fitness equipment / Fitness training programs / Gene expression / Glucose / Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism / Glycemic Index / Health aspects / Hemoglobin / Humans / Insulin resistance / Male / Mathematical models / Medicine / Metabolism / Middle Aged / Minority & ethnic groups / Mitochondria / Muscles / Musculoskeletal system / Oxidation / Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha - blood / Physical fitness / Physical training / Proteins / Skeletal muscle / Statistical models / Strength training / Time Factors / Training / Type 2 diabetes