Journal Article

Repeated polyploidization of Gossypium genomes and the evolution of spinnable cotton fibres

Jin, Dianchuan, Gundlach, Heidrun, Marler, Barry S., Saranga, Yehoshua, Das, Sayan, Wright, Robert J., Rong, Jun-kang, Van Deynze, Allen, Gong, Lei, Showmaker, Kurtis C., Lemke, Cornelia, Scheffler, Jodi A., Wendel, Jonathan F., Haigler, Candace H., Zhang, Tianzhen, Bedon, Frank, Schmutz, Jeremy, Walford, Sally A., Zhang, Lan, Sanders, William S., Tan, Xu, Xu, Chunming, Llewellyn, Danny, Rambani, Aditi, Waghmare, Vijay N., Triplett, Barbara A., Grimwood, Jane, Wang, Jinpeng, Scheffler, Brian E., Romanel, Elisson, Wang, Zining, Lin, Lifeng, Dennis, Elizabeth S., Byers, Robert, Hoffmann, Lucia V., Grupp, Kara, Rahman, Mehboob ur, Duke, Mary V., Mansoor, Shahid, Hu, Guanjing, Li, Jingping, Page, Justin T., Yoo, Mi-jeong, Peterson, Daniel G., Chee, Peng W., Doron-Faigenboim, Adi, Roberts, Alison W., Reddy, Umesh K., Jones, Donald C., Harker, David, Hovav, Ran, Gingle, Alan R., Szadkowski, Emmanuel, Rainville, Lisa N., Paterson, Andrew H., Zhang, Dong, Jenkins, Jerry, Vaslin, Maite F. S., Stelly, David M., Shu, Shengqiang, Ashrafi, Hamid, Zaki, Essam A., Rokhsar, Daniel S., Lee, Tae-ho, Grover, Corrinne, Mayer, Klaus

2012

Overview

The Gossypium genus is used to investigate emergent consequences of polyploidy in cotton species; comparative genomic analyses reveal a complex evolutionary history including interactions among subgenomes that result in genetic novelty in elite cottons and provide insight into the evolution of spinnable fibres. The evolution of domestic cotton plants A phylogenetic and genomic study of plants of the cotton genus Gossypium provides insights into the role of polyploidy in the angiosperm evolution, and specifically, in the emergence of spinnable fibres in domesticated cottons. The authors show that an abrupt five- to sixfold ploidy increase about 60 million years ago, and allopolyploidy reuniting divergent genomes approximately 1–2 million years ago, conferred a roughly 30-fold duplication of ancestral flowering plant genes in the 'elite' cottons G. hirsutum and G. barbadense compared to their presumed progenitor G. raimondii . Polyploidy often confers emergent properties, such as the higher fibre productivity and quality of tetraploid cottons than diploid cottons bred for the same environments 1 . Here we show that an abrupt five- to sixfold ploidy increase approximately 60 million years (Myr) ago, and allopolyploidy reuniting divergent Gossypium genomes approximately 1–2 Myr ago 2 , conferred about 30–36-fold duplication of ancestral angiosperm (flowering plant) genes in elite cottons ( Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense ), genetic complexity equalled only by Brassica 3 among sequenced angiosperms. Nascent fibre evolution, before allopolyploidy, is elucidated by comparison of spinnable-fibred Gossypium herbaceum A and non-spinnable Gossypium longicalyx F genomes to one another and the outgroup D genome of non-spinnable Gossypium raimondii . The sequence of a G. hirsutum A t D t (in which ‘t’ indicates tetraploid) cultivar reveals many non-reciprocal DNA exchanges between subgenomes that may have contributed to phenotypic innovation and/or other emergent properties such as ecological adaptation by polyploids. Most DNA-level novelty in G. hirsutum recombines alleles from the D-genome progenitor native to its New World habitat and the Old World A-genome progenitor in which spinnable fibre evolved. Coordinated expression changes in proximal groups of functionally distinct genes, including a nuclear mitochondrial DNA block, may account for clusters of cotton-fibre quantitative trait loci affecting diverse traits. Opportunities abound for dissecting emergent properties of other polyploids, particularly angiosperms, by comparison to diploid progenitors and outgroups.

• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
• Subject: 631/208/182 / 631/449/2491/742 / Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions / Alleles / allopolyploidy / Binding sites / Biological and medical sciences / Biological Evolution / Cacao - genetics / Chromosomes / Chromosomes, Plant - genetics / Cotton / Cotton Fiber / Cultivars / Deoxyribonucleic acid / Diploidy / DNA / Ecological adaptation / fiber quality / Fibers / Flowering plants / Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology / Gene Duplication - genetics / Gene expression / Gene mapping / Genes, Plant - genetics / Genetic aspects / genetic recombination / Genetic research / Genetics / Genetics and breeding of economic plants / Genome, Plant - genetics / Genomes / Genomics / Gossypium - classification / Gossypium - genetics / Gossypium barbadense / Gossypium herbaceum / Gossypium hirsutum / habitats / Humanities and Social Sciences / letter / Life Sciences / lint cotton / mitochondrial DNA / Molecular Sequence Annotation / multidisciplinary / nuclear genome / Phylogeny / Physiological aspects / Polyploidy / quantitative trait loci / RNA polymerase / Science / tetraploidy / Vegetal Biology / Vitis - genetics