Journal Article

Use of Targeted Exome Sequencing for Molecular Diagnosis of Skeletal Disorders

Reis, Alessandra M. M., Pogue, Robert, Cardoso, Maria T. O., Medina, Cristina T. N., de Andrade, Rosangela V., Pereira, Rinaldo W., Fernandes, Camila C., Polla, Daniel L., Silva, Mayara C. B., Cardoso, Isabela C. C., Araujo, Rosenelle

2015

Overview

Genetic disorders of the skeleton comprise a large group of more than 450 clinically distinct and genetically heterogeneous diseases associated with mutations in more than 300 genes. Achieving a definitive diagnosis is complicated due to the genetic heterogeneity of these disorders, their individual rarity and their diverse radiographic presentations. We used targeted exome sequencing and designed a 1.4 Mb panel for simultaneous testing of more than 4,800 exons in 309 genes involved in skeletal disorders. DNA from 69 individuals from 66 families with a known or suspected clinical diagnosis of a skeletal disorder was analyzed. Of 36 cases with a specific clinical hypothesis with a known genetic basis, mutations were identified for eight cases (22%). Of 20 cases with a suspected skeletal disorder but without a specific diagnosis, four causative mutations were identified. Also included were 11 cases with a specific skeletal disorder but for which there was at the time no known associated gene. For these cases, one mutation was identified in a known skeletal disease genes, and re-evaluation of the clinical phenotype in this case changed the diagnoses from osteodysplasia syndrome to Apert syndrome. These results suggest that the NGS panel provides a fast, accurate and cost-effective molecular diagnostic tool for identifying mutations in a highly genetically heterogeneous set of disorders such as genetic skeletal disorders. The data also stress the importance of a thorough clinical evaluation before DNA sequencing. The strategy should be applicable to other groups of disorders in which the molecular basis is largely known.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Apert's syndrome / Biocompatibility / Biomedical materials / Bone Diseases, Developmental - diagnosis / Bone Diseases, Developmental - genetics / Bone dysplasia / Cohort Studies / Deoxyribonucleic acid / Development and progression / Diagnosis / Diagnostic software / Diagnostic systems / Disease / Disorders / DNA / DNA Mutational Analysis - methods / DNA sequencing / Dwarfism / Evaluation / Exome - genetics / Exome sequencing / Exons / Gene sequencing / Genes / Genetic aspects / Genetic Diseases, Inborn - diagnosis / Genetic Diseases, Inborn - genetics / Genetic disorders / Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Genetic Testing - methods / Genetics / Genomes / Heterogeneity / Humans / Life assessment / Medical diagnosis / Molecular Diagnostic Techniques - methods / Mutation / Phenotypes / Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Population / Risk factors / Sequence Analysis, DNA - methods / Skeleton