Journal Article

Contribution of NMDA Receptor Hypofunction in Prefrontal and Cortical Excitatory Neurons to Schizophrenia-Like Phenotypes

Zsiros, Veronika, Rompala, Gregory R., Nakazawa, Kazu, Kolata, Stefan M., Zhang, Shuqin

2013

Overview

Pharmacological and genetic studies support a role for NMDA receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction in the etiology of schizophrenia. We have previously demonstrated that NMDAR obligatory subunit 1 (GluN1) deletion in corticolimbic interneurons during early postnatal development is sufficient to confer schizophrenia-like phenotypes in mice. However, the consequence of NMDAR hypofunction in cortical excitatory neurons is not well delineated. Here, we characterize a conditional knockout mouse strain (CtxGluN1 KO mice), in which postnatal GluN1 deletion is largely confined to the excitatory neurons in layer II/III of the medial prefrontal cortex and sensory cortices, as evidenced by the lack of GluN1 mRNA expression in in situ hybridization immunocytochemistry as well as the lack of NMDA currents with in vitro recordings. Mutants were impaired in prepulse inhibition of the auditory startle reflex as well as object-based short-term memory. However, they did not exhibit impairments in additional hallmarks of schizophrenia-like phenotypes (e.g. spatial working memory, social behavior, saccharine preference, novelty and amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion, and anxiety-related behavior). Furthermore, upon administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, there were no differences in locomotor activity versus controls. The mutant mice also showed negligible levels of reactive oxygen species production following chronic social isolation, and recording of miniature-EPSC/IPSCs from layer II/III excitatory neurons in medial prefrontal cortex suggested no alteration in GABAergic activity. All together, the mutant mice displayed cognitive deficits in the absence of additional behavioral or cellular phenotypes reflecting schizophrenia pathophysiology. Thus, NMDAR hypofunction in prefrontal and cortical excitatory neurons may recapitulate only a cognitive aspect of human schizophrenia symptoms.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Amphetamine / Amphetamines / Animals / Anxiety / Behavior / Biology / Blotting, Western / Clonal deletion / Cognition & reasoning / Cognitive ability / Cortex (auditory) / Cortex (somatosensory) / Development and progression / Dizocilpine / Dizocilpine Maleate - pharmacology / Etiology / Excitation / Excitatory postsynaptic potentials / GABA / Gene expression / Genetic aspects / Genetics / Glutamic acid receptors (ionotropic) / Hybridization / Immunocytochemistry / Immunohistochemistry / Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials / Interneurons / Locomotor activity / Male / Medicine / Memory / Mental disorders / Mental health / Mice / Mice, Knockout / MK-801 / Mutants / Neurons / Neurons - metabolism / Oxygen / Pharmacology / Phenotype / Prefrontal cortex / Prefrontal Cortex - cytology / Reactive oxygen species / Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism / Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate - antagonists & inhibitors / Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate - metabolism / RNA / Rodents / Schizophrenia / Schizophrenia - genetics / Schizophrenia - metabolism / Short term memory / Social aspects / Social behavior / Social interactions / Social isolation / Somatosensory cortex / Startle response / γ-Aminobutyric acid