Journal Article

Multimorbidity and survival for patients with acute myocardial infarction in England and Wales: Latent class analysis of a nationwide population-based cohort

Hemingway, Harry, Yan, Andrew T., Timmis, Adam D., Gale, Chris P., Deanfield, John E., Jernberg, Tomas, Fox, Keith A. A., Hall, Marlous, Dondo, Tatendashe B., Mamas, Mamas A.

2018

Overview

There is limited knowledge of the scale and impact of multimorbidity for patients who have had an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the extent to which multimorbidity is associated with long-term survival following AMI. This national observational study included 693,388 patients (median age 70.7 years, 452,896 [65.5%] male) from the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (England and Wales) who were admitted with AMI between 1 January 2003 and 30 June 2013. There were 412,809 (59.5%) patients with multimorbidity at the time of admission with AMI, i.e., having at least 1 of the following long-term health conditions: diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma, heart failure, renal failure, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, or hypertension. Those with heart failure, renal failure, or cerebrovascular disease had the worst outcomes (39.5 [95% CI 39.0-40.0], 38.2 [27.7-26.8], and 26.6 [25.2-26.4] deaths per 100 person-years, respectively). Latent class analysis revealed 3 multimorbidity phenotype clusters: (1) a high multimorbidity class, with concomitant heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, and hypertension, (2) a medium multimorbidity class, with peripheral vascular disease and hypertension, and (3) a low multimorbidity class. Patients in class 1 were less likely to receive pharmacological therapies compared with class 2 and 3 patients (including aspirin, 83.8% versus 87.3% and 87.2%, respectively; β-blockers, 74.0% versus 80.9% and 81.4%; and statins, 80.6% versus 85.9% and 85.2%). Flexible parametric survival modelling indicated that patients in class 1 and class 2 had a 2.4-fold (95% CI 2.3-2.5) and 1.5-fold (95% CI 1.4-1.5) increased risk of death and a loss in life expectancy of 2.89 and 1.52 years, respectively, compared with those in class 3 over the 8.4-year follow-up period. The study was limited to all-cause mortality due to the lack of available cause-specific mortality data. However, we isolated the disease-specific association with mortality by providing the loss in life expectancy following AMI according to multimorbidity phenotype cluster compared with the general age-, sex-, and year-matched population. Multimorbidity among patients with AMI was common, and conferred an accumulative increased risk of death. Three multimorbidity phenotype clusters that were significantly associated with loss in life expectancy were identified and should be a concomitant treatment target to improve cardiovascular outcomes. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03037255.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Aged / Aging / Aspirin / Asthma / Biology and Life Sciences / Biomedical research / Cardiac patients / Cardiology / Cardiovascular disease / Care and treatment / Cause of Death / Cerebrovascular Disorders - epidemiology / Chronic illnesses / Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / Cluster Analysis / Comorbidity / Coronary artery disease / Coronary vessels / Diabetes / Diabetes mellitus / England - epidemiology / Female / Forecasts and trends / Genotype & phenotype / Heart attack / Heart attacks / Heart diseases / Heart failure / Heart Failure - epidemiology / Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data / Humans / Hypertension / Ischemia / Latent class analysis / Life Expectancy / Life span / Local government / Lung diseases / Male / Medical Audit - statistics & numerical data / Medical prognosis / Medication Therapy Management - classification / Medication Therapy Management - standards / Medicine / Medicine and Health Sciences / Metabolism / Mortality / Multimorbidity / Myocardial infarction / Myocardial Infarction - mortality / Noncommunicable Diseases - classification / Noncommunicable Diseases - drug therapy / Noncommunicable Diseases - epidemiology / Obstructive lung disease / Older people / Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Patient outcomes / Patients / Phenotypes / Population / Quality Improvement / Renal failure / Renal Insufficiency - epidemiology / Risk Factors / Statins / Supervision / Survival / Survival Analysis / University colleges / Vascular diseases / Wales - epidemiology