Journal Article

The production and turnover of extramatrical mycelium of ectomycorrhizal fungi in forest soils: role in carbon cycling

Ekblad, A., Baldrian, P., Kraigher, H., Neumann, J., Kieliszewska-Rokicka, B., Epron, D., Matzner, E., Godbold, D. L., Wallander, H., Cruz, C., Johnson, D., Björk, R. G., Kjøller, R., Plassard, C.

2013

Overview

There is growing evidence of the importance of extramatrical mycelium (EMM) of mycorrhizal fungi in carbon (C) cycling in ecosystems. However, our understanding has until recently been mainly based on laboratory experiments, and knowledge of such basic parameters as variations in mycelial production, standing biomass and turnover as well as the regulatory mechanisms behind such variations in forest soils is limited. Presently, the production of EMM by ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi has been estimated at similar to 140 different forest sites to be up to several hundreds of kg per ha per year, but the published data are biased towards Picea abies in Scandinavia. Little is known about the standing biomass and turnover of EMM in other systems, and its influence on the C stored or lost from soils. Here, focussing on ectomycorrhizas, we discuss the factors that regulate the production and turnover of EMM and its role in soil C dynamics, identifying important gaps in this knowledge. C availability seems to be the key factor determining EMM production and possibly its standing biomass in forests but direct effects of mineral nutrient availability on the EMM can be important. There is great uncertainty about the rate of turnover of EMM. There is increasing evidence that residues of EM fungi play a major role in the formation of stable N and C in SOM, which highlights the need to include mycorrhizal effects in models of global soil C stores.

• Publisher: Springer Verlag,CCSD,Springer,Springer Netherlands,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions / Animal, plant and microbial ecology / biogeochemical cycles / Biogeochemistry / Biologi / Biological and medical sciences / Biological Sciences / Biology / Biomass / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Boreal forests / carbon / Carbon cycle / Chemical, physicochemical, biochemical and biological properties / Coniferous forests / Decomposition / Earth and Related Environmental Sciences / Ecology / Economic plant physiology / ecosystems / ectomycorrhizae / Environmental aspects / Exploration type / Extramatrical mycelium / Forest soils / forests / Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology / Fungi / General agronomy. Plant production / Geovetenskap och relaterad miljövetenskap / In-growth bag / Life Sciences / MARSCHNER REVIEW / Mineral soils / Minirhizotron / Mycelium / mycorrhizal fungi / Mycorrhizas / Natural Sciences / Naturvetenskap / Nutrient availability / Organic matter / Physics, chemistry, biochemistry and biology of agricultural and forest soils / Picea abies / Plant Physiology / Plant Sciences / Plants / Rhizomorphs / Scandinavia / Soil biochemistry / Soil ecology / Soil fungi / Soil microbiology / Soil microorganisms / Soil organic matter / Soil research / Soil science / Soil Science & Conservation / Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility / Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments / Symbiosis (nodules, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, mycorrhiza...) / Turnover rates / uncertainty
• ISBN: 0003179886000