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Comparison of menaquinone-4 and menaquinone-7 bioavailability in healthy women
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Comparison of menaquinone-4 and menaquinone-7 bioavailability in healthy women
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Journal Article
Comparison of menaquinone-4 and menaquinone-7 bioavailability in healthy women
2012
Overview
Background
Vitamin K
2
contributes to bone and cardiovascular health. Therefore, two vitamin K
2
homologues, menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), have been used as nutrients by the food industry and as nutritional supplements to support bone and cardiovascular health. However, little is known about the bioavailability of nutritional MK-4. To investigate MK-4 and MK-7 bioavailability, nutritional doses were administered to healthy Japanese women.
Findings
Single dose administration of MK-4 (420 μg; 945 nmol) or MK-7 (420 μg; 647 nmol) was given in the morning together with standardized breakfast. MK-7 was well absorbed and reached maximal serum level at 6 h after intake and was detected up to 48 h after intake. MK-4 was not detectable in the serum of all subjects at any time point. Consecutive administration of MK-4 (60 μg; 135 nmol) or MK-7 (60 μg; 92 nmol) for 7 days demonstrated that MK-4 supplementation did not increase serum MK-4 levels. However, consecutive administration of MK-7 increased serum MK-7 levels significantly in all subjects.
Conclusions
We conclude that MK-4 present in food does not contribute to the vitamin K status as measured by serum vitamin K levels. MK-7, however significantly increases serum MK-7 levels and therefore may be of particular importance for extrahepatic tissues.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
Subject
/ Adult
/ Age
/ blood
/ Bone Density Conservation Agents
/ Bone Density Conservation Agents - blood
/ Bone Density Conservation Agents - metabolism
/ bones
/ Cardiovascular Agents - blood
/ Cardiovascular Agents - metabolism
/ Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
/ Dietary supplements industry
/ Female
/ Females
/ foods
/ Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
/ Humans
/ Kinetics
/ Medicine
/ Vitamin K 2 - analogs & derivatives
/ Vitamins
/ Women
