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Invasive ventilator exhaust in critical care: aerosol transmission risks and management strategies-a narrative review
by
Peng, Ying
, Shi, An
, Yang, Zhenyuan
, Zhang, Hanfeng
, Liu, Zhenjun
in
Aerosols
/ Aerosols - adverse effects
/ Air pollution
/ Bacteria
/ Biofilms
/ COVID-19
/ Critical Care - methods
/ Critical Care Medicine
/ Cross infection
/ Disease transmission
/ Emergency communications systems
/ Emergency Medicine
/ Gases
/ Health aspects
/ Hospital patients
/ Humans
/ Intensive
/ Marburg virus disease
/ Medicine
/ Medicine & Public Health
/ Metabolism
/ Metabolites
/ Methicillin
/ Microorganisms
/ Multidrug resistant organisms
/ Nosocomial infections
/ Occupational Exposure - prevention & control
/ Pathogens
/ Patients
/ Pneumonia
/ Prevention
/ Respiration
/ Respiration, Artificial - adverse effects
/ Respiration, Artificial - instrumentation
/ Respiration, Artificial - methods
/ Review
/ Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
/ Simulation
/ Strategic planning (Business)
/ Streptococcus infections
/ Tuberculosis
/ Ventilators
/ Ventilators, Mechanical - adverse effects
/ Ventilators, Mechanical - standards
/ VOCs
/ Volatile organic compounds
2025
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Invasive ventilator exhaust in critical care: aerosol transmission risks and management strategies-a narrative review
by
Peng, Ying
, Shi, An
, Yang, Zhenyuan
, Zhang, Hanfeng
, Liu, Zhenjun
in
Aerosols
/ Aerosols - adverse effects
/ Air pollution
/ Bacteria
/ Biofilms
/ COVID-19
/ Critical Care - methods
/ Critical Care Medicine
/ Cross infection
/ Disease transmission
/ Emergency communications systems
/ Emergency Medicine
/ Gases
/ Health aspects
/ Hospital patients
/ Humans
/ Intensive
/ Marburg virus disease
/ Medicine
/ Medicine & Public Health
/ Metabolism
/ Metabolites
/ Methicillin
/ Microorganisms
/ Multidrug resistant organisms
/ Nosocomial infections
/ Occupational Exposure - prevention & control
/ Pathogens
/ Patients
/ Pneumonia
/ Prevention
/ Respiration
/ Respiration, Artificial - adverse effects
/ Respiration, Artificial - instrumentation
/ Respiration, Artificial - methods
/ Review
/ Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
/ Simulation
/ Strategic planning (Business)
/ Streptococcus infections
/ Tuberculosis
/ Ventilators
/ Ventilators, Mechanical - adverse effects
/ Ventilators, Mechanical - standards
/ VOCs
/ Volatile organic compounds
2025
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Invasive ventilator exhaust in critical care: aerosol transmission risks and management strategies-a narrative review
by
Peng, Ying
, Shi, An
, Yang, Zhenyuan
, Zhang, Hanfeng
, Liu, Zhenjun
in
Aerosols
/ Aerosols - adverse effects
/ Air pollution
/ Bacteria
/ Biofilms
/ COVID-19
/ Critical Care - methods
/ Critical Care Medicine
/ Cross infection
/ Disease transmission
/ Emergency communications systems
/ Emergency Medicine
/ Gases
/ Health aspects
/ Hospital patients
/ Humans
/ Intensive
/ Marburg virus disease
/ Medicine
/ Medicine & Public Health
/ Metabolism
/ Metabolites
/ Methicillin
/ Microorganisms
/ Multidrug resistant organisms
/ Nosocomial infections
/ Occupational Exposure - prevention & control
/ Pathogens
/ Patients
/ Pneumonia
/ Prevention
/ Respiration
/ Respiration, Artificial - adverse effects
/ Respiration, Artificial - instrumentation
/ Respiration, Artificial - methods
/ Review
/ Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
/ Simulation
/ Strategic planning (Business)
/ Streptococcus infections
/ Tuberculosis
/ Ventilators
/ Ventilators, Mechanical - adverse effects
/ Ventilators, Mechanical - standards
/ VOCs
/ Volatile organic compounds
2025
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Invasive ventilator exhaust in critical care: aerosol transmission risks and management strategies-a narrative review
Journal Article
Invasive ventilator exhaust in critical care: aerosol transmission risks and management strategies-a narrative review
2025
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Overview
Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is essential in intensive care, yet aerosols released with ventilator exhaust remain an under-recognized source of airborne transmission and occupational exposure. This review outlines how exhaust-borne aerosols are generated and dispersed in clinical workflows, with amplification during airway suctioning, therapeutic nebulization, and inhaled volatile sedation. We compare principal mitigation options-including heat-and-moisture exchanger (HME) devices and high-efficiency particulate air filtration (HEPA), directed discharge, and chemical inactivation-across effectiveness, operational complexity, adaptability, and strength of evidence. Building on a patient-device-environment framework, we propose a scenario-based, three-tier prevention strategy that aligns patient-side filtration, circuit and exhaust-end control, and ICU room-level airflow engineering with context-appropriate monitoring.
Conclusion
: Ventilator-exhaust management is feasible with current technologies, but standardized performance indicators and multicenter studies are needed to quantify reductions in cross-infection and occupational exposure and to inform harmonized technical standards and guidance.
Graphical abstract
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
Subject
/ Bacteria
/ Biofilms
/ COVID-19
/ Emergency communications systems
/ Gases
/ Humans
/ Medicine
/ Multidrug resistant organisms
/ Occupational Exposure - prevention & control
/ Patients
/ Respiration, Artificial - adverse effects
/ Respiration, Artificial - instrumentation
/ Respiration, Artificial - methods
/ Review
/ Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
/ Strategic planning (Business)
/ Ventilators, Mechanical - adverse effects
/ Ventilators, Mechanical - standards
/ VOCs
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