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The Antagonistic Ability of the Bacteria Lysinibacillus sphaericus Against the Fungus Phytophthora nicotianae, Which Causes Bitter Orange Gum Disease (Citrus aurantium) Laboratory
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The Antagonistic Ability of the Bacteria Lysinibacillus sphaericus Against the Fungus Phytophthora nicotianae, Which Causes Bitter Orange Gum Disease (Citrus aurantium) Laboratory
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Journal Article
The Antagonistic Ability of the Bacteria Lysinibacillus sphaericus Against the Fungus Phytophthora nicotianae, Which Causes Bitter Orange Gum Disease (Citrus aurantium) Laboratory
2025
Overview
Isolation and identification of infected sour orange roots revealed the recovery of seven Phytophthora spp. Isolates from seven different locations. On Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), the fungal colonies were characterized by a white to creamy coloration with a cottony or fluffy appearance, rapid growth, and irregular margins. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that all isolates caused a significant reduction in the germination percentage of radish seeds grown on Water Agar medium. However, the isolates varied considerably in their effects on seed germination compared to the control treatment, which showed 100% germination, whereas the values ranged between 0% and 36%. Furthermore, the bacterium Lysinibacillus sphaericus, employed as a biocontrol agent against the pathogenic fungus Phytophthora nicotianae, was confirmed by PCR with specific forward and reverse primers, showing approximately 90% similarity to the identified Italian isolate (accession number HM462440.1). Antagonistic activity assays demonstrated the ability of L. sphaericus at a concentration of (160 × 105 CFU) on PDA medium to completely inhibit the mycelial growth of P. nicotianae, where the mean radial growth was 0.00 cm compared to 9.00 cm in the control treatment, corresponding to 100% inhibition relative to 0.00% in the control. In addition, the results indicated positive detection of L. sphaericus production of chitinase and protease enzymes.
Publisher
IOP Publishing
Subject
