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Newborn Screening of Sickle Cell Anemia by Lateral Flow Chromatography Immunoassay Test
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Newborn Screening of Sickle Cell Anemia by Lateral Flow Chromatography Immunoassay Test
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Journal Article
Newborn Screening of Sickle Cell Anemia by Lateral Flow Chromatography Immunoassay Test
2021
Overview
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Sickle Cell Anemia is a rare inherited haematological disorder in which RBCs become sickle-shaped in the abnormal haemoglobin S variant's presence.1 This makes severe sickle-shaped blood difficulty passing through small blood vessels, obstructing the normal blood flow, damaging tissues, and finally leading to Sickle Cell Disorder complications.2 The red blood cells contain haemoglobin S live only about 16 days compared to 120 days for normal RBCs.3 Sickle Cell conditions exist in many types, with the most common being Sickle Cell Trait (HbAS), Sickle Cell Disease (HbSS), Sickle-Hb C Disease (HbSC), and Sickle-Hb C Trait (HbAC). Keywords: Sickle Cell Anemia, Lateral Flow Chromatographic immunoassay test, scan test kit, new-born babies Introduction Sickle Cell Disease is a haematological disorder that causes red blood cells to become sickle-shaped because of the abnormal haemoglobin S variant.1 These rigid sickle-shaped blood cells have difficulty passing in small blood vessels, resulting in obstruction of the normal blood flow and damage to the body's tissues and eventually leading to various Sickle Cell Disorder complications.2 The red blood cells contain mainly Hb-S live only about 16 days compared to 120 days for normal RBCs.3 There are types of Sickle Cell conditions which with the most common, is Sickle Cell Trait (HbAS), Sickle Cell Disease (HbSS), Sickle-Hb C Disease (HbSC), and Sickle-Hb C Trait (HVAC). The diagnosis (preferably as a newborn) of Sickle Cell anaemia becomes necessary at an early stage to initiate early treatment such as penicillin prophylaxis, vaccination against pneumococcus bacteria, folic acid supplementation, pain management, blood transfusions, and hydroxyurea if needed .3,4 Sickle cell trait is milder condition and, harmful complications are possible when there are extreme environmental conditions like high atmospheric pressure, at higher altitudes, decreased oxygen levels, athletic activities, or severe dehydration).5 Caution should be taken in sickle cell disease carriers and situations for individuals' genetic counselling and family planning. MATERIAL AND METHODS Aim: To screen all Newborn babies born in the hospital at N. K. P. Salve institute of medical sciences & research centre and LataMangeshkar Hospital, Nagpur for Sickle cell anemia by Lateral flow chromatographic qualitative immunoassay test.
