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THE JESUIT STEREOTYPE: AN IMAGE OF THE UNIVERSAL ENEMY IN FINNISH NATIONALISM
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THE JESUIT STEREOTYPE: AN IMAGE OF THE UNIVERSAL ENEMY IN FINNISH NATIONALISM
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Journal Article
THE JESUIT STEREOTYPE: AN IMAGE OF THE UNIVERSAL ENEMY IN FINNISH NATIONALISM
2013
Overview
This chapter places Finnish nineteenth- and twentieth-century anti-Jesuit stereotypes in their European historical context. The stereotype is tracked down in a thematically diverse source material consisting of fiction, non-fiction, and political propaganda, in comparison with antisemitic and anti-Socialist enemy images. Originally rooted in a Protestant national narrative, the 'Jesuit' was increasingly employed in other political contexts, and often as invective with a specific meaning. Several writers connected the history of the Society of Jesus, and specifically the accusation of holding the belief that 'the end justifies the means' (so-called 'Jesuit morality'), with the history of the Communist movement or with Finnish history in general. The new enemies of the nation influenced the development of a metaphorical 'Jesuit', detached from its origins in anti-Catholic propaganda, but still retaining its negative meaning, and thus indirectly perpetuating anti-Catholic attitudes. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
