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Cracking the Cashew Nut: Strategies to Identify Novel Allergens
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Cracking the Cashew Nut: Strategies to Identify Novel Allergens
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Cracking the Cashew Nut: Strategies to Identify Novel Allergens
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Dissertation
Cracking the Cashew Nut: Strategies to Identify Novel Allergens
2020
Overview
Allergic sensitisation towards cashew nut often happens without a clear history of eating cashew nut. IgE cross-reactivity between cashew and pistachio nut is well described, however the ability of cashew nut specific IgE to cross-react to common tree nut species and other Anacardiaceae, like mango, pink peppercorn or sumac is largely unknown. Cashew nut allergic individuals may cross-react to foods that are phylogenetically related to cashew. We aimed to determine IgE cross-sensitisation and cross-reactivity profiles in cashew nut sensitised subjects, towards botanically related proteins of other Anacardiaceae family members and related tree nut species. Sera from children with a suspected cashew nut allergy (n=56) were assessed for IgE sensitisation to common tree nuts, mango, pink peppercorn and sumac using dot blot technique. Allergen cross-reactivity patterns between Anacardiaceae species were subsequently examined by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot inhibition and IgE-reactive allergens were identified by LC-MS/MS. From the 56 subjects analysed, 36 were positive on dot blot for cashew nut (63%). Of these, 50% were mono-sensitised to cashew nuts, 19% were co-sensitised to Anacardiaceae species and 31% were co-sensitised to tree nuts. Subjects cosensitised to Anacardiaceae species displayed a different allergen recognition pattern than subjects sensitised to common tree nuts. In pink peppercorn, putative albumin- and legumin-type seed storage proteins were found to cross-react with serum of cashew nut sensitised subjects in vitro. In addition, a putative luminal binding protein was identified, which, among others may be involved in crossreactivity between several Anacardiaceae species. Results demonstrate the in vitropresence of IgE cross-sensitisation in children towards multiple Anacardiaceae species. In this study, putative novel allergens were identified in cashew, pistachio and pink peppercorn, which may pose factors that underlie the observed crosssensitivity to these species. The clinical relevance of this wide spread crosssensitisation is unknown.
