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37 Gender differences in teacher job satisfaction and general well-being in 11 territories worldwide: a cross-cultural study in 2023
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37 Gender differences in teacher job satisfaction and general well-being in 11 territories worldwide: a cross-cultural study in 2023
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Journal Article
37 Gender differences in teacher job satisfaction and general well-being in 11 territories worldwide: a cross-cultural study in 2023
2025
Overview
ObjectiveGender inequalities in the workplace persist around the world, often to the detriment of women. In the highly feminized education sector, how is women’s well-being impacted? Our aim was to examine gender differences in teacher job satisfaction and general well-being and their stability across cultures.Material and MethodsBetween February and June 2023, 23,366 teachers from 11 territories across four continents responded online to the 2nd edition of the International Barometer of Education Staff (I-BEST): Argentina (n=1,782), Belgium (n=937), Cameroun (n=421), Canada (outside Québec) (n=765), France (n=9,595), Japan (n=532), Morocco (n=739), Québec (n=1,751), Spain (n=2,723), Switzerland (n=1,597), and United Kingdom (n=2,524). In each of these territories, we evaluated differences between male and female teachers in job satisfaction (score range: 0-9) and subjective well-being (score range: 1-8) using linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders: age, teaching level, household partner and household child(ren). Then, we formally assessed the heterogeneity in gender differences across territories using a meta-analysis approach.ResultsThe percentage of female teachers among the respondents ranged from 58% (Cameroon, Morocco) to 86% (Switzerland). Across territories, results were highly heterogeneous (I-squared>70% for both indicators), with globally a slight trend towards lower levels of general well-being among women, but no definite pattern regarding job satisfaction. More specifically, among French teachers, women scored respectively 0.12[0.04–0.21] and 0.12[0.05–0.19] points higher than men on job satisfaction and general well-being, inversely in Argentina, women scored -0.43[-0.67–-0,19] and -0.39[-0.58–-0.20] points lower respectively. In the other territories studied, no clear pattern emerged regarding gender disparities in teacher well-being.ConclusionsDepending on the territories, well-being levels could be slightly lower or, on the contrary, slightly higher among female teachers compared with their male counterparts. Multilevel analysis including demographic/economic/cultural territory-level indicators could be helpful to better understand this heterogeneity and the gendered differences in well-being across territories.FundingThis research received no external funding.
Publisher
BMJ Publishing Group LTD
Subject
